Tra từ shift - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

shift AW [shift shifts shifted shifting] verb, noun BrE [ʃɪft] NAmE [ʃɪft]
verb

MOVE
1. intransitive, transitive to move, or move sth, from one position or place to another
• Lydia shifted uncomfortably in her chair.
• I shifted uneasily under his gaze.
•~ (from…) (to…) The action of the novel shifts from Paris to London.
•~ sth Could you help me shift some furniture?
•~ sth (from…) (to…) He shifted his gaze from the child to her.
•She shifted her weight from one foot to the other.
2. intransitive, transitive ~ (yourself) (BrE, informal)to move quickly
Syn: ↑hurry

SITUATION/OPINION/POLICY
3. intransitive (of a situation, an opinion, a policy etc.)to change from one state, position, etc. to another
• Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years.
•~ (from…) (to/towards/toward…) The balance of power shifted away from workers towards employers.
•Her sympathies gradually shifted to the side of the protesters.
4. transitive to change your opinion of or attitude towards sth, or change the way that you do sth
•~ sth We need to shift the focus of this debate.
•~ sth (from…) (to/towards/toward…) The new policy shifted the emphasis away from fighting inflation.

RESPONSIBILITY
5. transitive ~ responsibility/blame (for sth) (onto sb) to make sb else responsible for sth you should do or sth bad that you have done
•He tried to shift the blame for his mistakes onto his colleagues.

REMOVE MARK
6. transitive ~ sth to remove sth such as a dirty mark
Syn: get rid of
•a detergent that shifts even the most stubborn stains

SELL GOODS
7. transitive ~ sth to sell goods, especially goods that are difficult to sell
•They cut prices drastically to try and shift stock.

IN VEHICLE
8. intransitive (NAmE)to change the gears when you are driving a vehicle
•to shift into second gear
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Old English sciftan ‘arrange, divide, share’, of Germanic origin; related to German schichten ‘to layer’. A common Middle English sense ‘change, replace’ gave rise to the noun senses 5 and 6 (via the sense of ‘changing one's clothes’) and senses 2 and 3 (via the sense of ‘relays of workers’).

Thesaurus:
shift verb I, T (especially written)
•He shifted uncomfortably in his chair.
move • • stir • |informal budge • |formal dislodge •
shift/move/stir/budge/dislodge (sth) from sth
won't/wouldn't/refuse to shift/move/stir/budge
hardly/barely shift/move/stir/budge

Example Bank:
•Government grants are being shifted away from the capital to the regions.
•He shifted his weight onto his left foot.
•Her eyes shifted to his face.
•His sympathies rapidly shifted to the side of the workers.
•I felt the advantage had suddenly shifted away from us.
•In recent years, manufacturing has shifted out of the US.
•Julie shifted her position slightly and smiled.
•Like many plays, this one shifts back and forth in time and place.
•She shifted her gaze away from the group of tourists.
•She shifted uncomfortably in her chair.
•These changes will shift the balance in higher education more towards science subjects.
•They tried to shift the blame onto the government.
•We cannot simply shift the responsibility onto someone else.
•constantly shifting alliances
•Can you help me shift these boxes?
•The little girl shifted her weight from one foot to another.
•They are trying to shift public attitudes about the nature of old age.
Idioms: ↑shift your ground ▪ ↑shifting sands
Derived: ↑shift for yourself

noun

CHANGE
1. countable ~ (in sth) a change in position or direction
•a dramatic shift in public opinion
•a shift of emphasis
see also ↑paradigm shift

PERIOD OF WORK
2. countable a period of time worked by a group of workers who start work as another group finishes
•to be on the day/night shift at the factory
•to work an eight-hour shift
•working in shifts
•shift workers/work
see also ↑swing shift
3. countable + singular or plural verb the workers who work a particular shift
•The night shift has/have just come off duty.

ON COMPUTER
4. uncountable the system on a computer keyboard or ↑typewriter that allows capital letters or a different set of characters to be typed; the key that operates this system
•a shift key
•Press shift + F11 to insert a new worksheet.

CLOTHING
5. countable a woman's simple straight dress
6. countable a simple straight piece of clothing worn by women in the past as underwear

Word Origin:
Old English sciftan ‘arrange, divide, share’, of Germanic origin; related to German schichten ‘to layer’. A common Middle English sense ‘change, replace’ gave rise to the noun senses 5 and 6 (via the sense of ‘changing one's clothes’) and senses 2 and 3 (via the sense of ‘relays of workers’).

Collocations:
Jobs
Getting a job
look for work
look for/apply for/go for a job
get/pick up/complete/fill out/ (BrE) fill in an application (form)
send/email your (BrE) CV/(NAmE) résumé/application/application form/covering letter
be called for/have/attend an interview
offer sb a job/work/employment/promotion
find/get/land a job
employ/ (especially NAmE) hire/recruit/ (especially BrE) take on staff/workers/trainees
recruit/appoint a manager
Doing a job
arrive at/get to/leave work/the office/the factory
start/finish work/your shift
do/put in/work overtime
have/gain/get/lack/need experience/qualifications
do/get/have/receive training
learn/pick up/improve/develop (your) skills
cope with/manage/share/spread the workload
improve your/achieve a better work-life balance
have (no) job satisfaction/job security
Building a career
have a job/work/a career/a vocation
find/follow/pursue/ (especially NAmE) live (out) your vocation
enter/go into/join a profession
choose/embark on/start/begin/pursue a career
change jobs/profession/career
be/ (both especially BrE) work/go freelance
do/take on temp work/freelance work
do/be engaged in/be involved in voluntary work
Leaving your job
leave/ (especially NAmE) quit/resign from your job
give up work/your job/your career
hand in your notice/resignation
plan to/be due to retire in June/next year, etc.
take early retirement

Example Bank:
•He works the night shift.
•I agreed to work double shifts for a few weeks.
•I detected a subtle shift towards our point of view.
•I didn't realize that I'd have to work shifts.
•I'm doing the early shift this week.
•It was 8 a.m. and the nurses were changing shifts.
•My husband changed his shifts from afternoons to nights.
•My husband has changed his shifts, from the afternoon shift to the night one.
•The clinic is staffed by ten doctors who work in shifts.
•The industry has undergone a fundamental shift in recent years.
•The moment marked a significant shift in attitudes to the war.
•The shift change took place at 10 p.m.
•There has been a major shift in the public's taste.
•These climate shifts occurred over less than a decade.
•These proposals represent a dramatic shift in policy.
•They'd altered his shift pattern twice in the past fortnight.
•a decision for the chief nurse on each shift
•a shift in attitude/opinion/perspective
•a shift in direction/focus/policy/strategy
•a shift in emphasis/mood/tone
•a shift towards part-time farming
•a sudden shift to the right in British politics
•one factor which may explain the president's policy shift
•the many shifts between verse and prose that occur in Shakespeare
•the shift away from direct taxation
•As I left the next shift was settling in for the day.
•Most of the night shift had already left.
•The drama began at 5.15 am as the day shift was going on duty.
•There was a gradual shift in the population away from the countryside to the towns.
•These results mark a dramatic shift in public opinion.