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Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th
above
▪ I. above preposition, adverb, adjective BrE [əˈbʌv] NAmE [əˈbʌv]
preposition
1. at or to a higher place or position than sth/sb
• The water came above our knees.
• We were flying above the clouds.
•the people in the apartment above mine
•A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army.
•They finished the year six places above their local rivals.
2. more than sth; greater in number, level or age than sb/sth
• Inflation is above 6%.
• Temperatures have been above average.
•We cannot accept children above the age of 10.
3. of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth
•I rate her above most other players of her age.
4. too good or too honest to do sth
•She's not above lying when it suits her.
•He's above suspicion (= he is completely trusted).
5. (of a sound)louder or clearer than another sound
•I couldn't hear her above the noise of the traffic.
more at over and above at ↑over prep.
Word Origin:
Old English abufan (as an adverb), from a- ‘on’ + bufan (from bi ‘by’ + ufan ‘above’).
Language Bank:
emphasis
Highlighting an important point
▪ This case emphasizes ▪ / highlights ▪ the importance of honest communication between managers and employees.
▪ Effective communication skills are essential ▪ / crucial ▪ / vital ▪.
It should be noted that ▪ this study considers only verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is not dealt with here.
It is important to remember that ▪ / An important point to remember is that ▪ non-verbal communication plays a key role in getting your message across.
▪ Communication is not only about the words you use but also your body language and, especially ▪ / above all ▪, the effectiveness with which you listen.
▪ I would like to draw attention to ▪ the role of listening in effective communication.
▪ Choose your words carefully: in particular ▪, avoid confusing and ambiguous language.
▪ Finally, and perhaps most importantly ▪, you must learn to listen as well as to speak.
note at ↑essential
Language Bank at ↑vital
Which Word?:
above / over
Above and over can both be used to describe a position higher than something: ▪ They built a new room above/over the garage. When you are talking about movement from one side of something to the other, you can only use over: ▪ They jumped over the stream. Over can also mean ‘covering’: ▪ He put a blanket over the sleeping child.
Above and over can also mean ‘more than’. Above is used in relation to a minimum level or a fixed point: ▪ 2 000 feet above sea level ◇ ▪ Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight. Over is used with numbers, ages, money and time: ▪ He’s over 50. ◇ ▪ It costs over £100. ◇ ▪ We waited over 2 hours.
Idioms: ↑above all ▪ ↑above yourself
adverb
1. at or to a higher place
• Put it on the shelf above.
• Seen from above the cars looked tiny.
•They were acting on instructions from above (= from sb in a higher position of authority).
2. greater in number, level or age
•increases of 5% and above
• A score of 70 or above will get you an ‘A’.
•children aged 12 and above
3. earlier in sth written or printed
•As was stated above…
• See above, page 97.
Word Origin:
Old English abufan (as an adverb), from a- ‘on’ + bufan (from bi ‘by’ + ufan ‘above’).
adjective only before noun
mentioned or printed previously in a letter, book, etc
• Please write to us at the above address.
Word Origin:
[above the above] Old English abufan (as an adverb), from a- ‘on’ + bufan (from bi ‘by’ + ufan ‘above’).
▪ II. the above BrE [ðiː əˈbʌv] ; NAmE [ðiː əˈbʌv] noun singular + singular or plural verb
• Please notify us if the above is not correct.
•All the above (= people mentioned above) have passed the exam.
Main entry: ↑abovederived
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