Tra từ burn - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

burn [burn burns burned burnt burning] verb, noun BrE [bɜːn] NAmE [bɜːrn]
verb (burnt, burntBrE [bɜːnt] ; NAmE [bɜːrnt] )or (burned, burnedBrE [bɜːnd] ; NAmE [bɜːrnd] )

FIRE
1. intransitive to produce flames and heat
• A welcoming fire was burning in the fireplace.
• Fires were burning all over the city.
2. intransitive (used especially in the progressive tenses)to be on fire
•By nightfall the whole city was burning.
•Two children were rescued from the burning car.
•The smell of burning rubber filled the air.
3. transitive, intransitive to destroy, damage, injure or kill sb/sth by fire; to be destroyed, etc. by fire
•~ (sb/sth) to burn waste paper/dead leaves
• All his belongings were burnt in the fire.
• The cigarette burned a hole in the carpet.
•The house was burnt to the ground (= completely destroyed).
•The house burned to the ground.
•Ten people burned to death in the hotel fire.
•~ sb/sth + adj. His greatest fear is of being burnt alive.

FUEL
4. transitive, intransitive ~ (sth) if you burn a fuel, or a fuel burns, it produces heat, light or energy
•a furnace that burns gas/oil/coke
• (figurative) Some people burn calories (= use food to produce energy) faster than others.
• Which fuel burns most efficiently?

FOOD
5. intransitive, transitive if food burns, or if you burn it, it is spoiled because it gets too hot
• I can smell something burning in the kitchen.
•~ sth Sorry— I burnt the toast.

SUN/HEAT/ACID
6. intransitive, transitive to be damaged or injured by the sun, heat, acid, etc; to damage or injure sb/sth in this way
• My skin burns easily (= in the sun).
•~ sb I got badly burned by the sun yesterday.
•~ sth The soup's hot. Don't burn your mouth.
•~ yourself I burned myself on the stove.

OF PART OF BODY
7. intransitive if part of your body burns or is burning, it feels very hot and painful
•Your forehead's burning. Have you got a fever?
•Her cheeks burned with embarrassment.

OF A LIGHT
8. intransitive to produce light
•Lights were burning upstairs, but no one answered the door.

FEEL EMOTION/DESIRE
9. intransitive, transitive (literary)to feel a very strong emotion or desire
•~ with sth to be burning with rage/ambition/love
•~ to do sth He was burning to go climbing again.

GO FAST
10. intransitive + adv./prep. (informal)to move very fast in a particular direction
•The car was burning down the road.

MAKE ANGRY
11. transitive ~ sb (NAmE, informal)to make sb very angry
•So you did it just to burn me?

CD, ETC.
12. transitive, intransitive ~ (sth) (to sth) to put information onto a CD, etc.
more at sb's ears are burning at ↑ear, feel your ears burning at ↑feel _v., have money to burn at ↑money
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
v. and n. senses 1 to 2 Old English birnan ‘be on fire’ bærnan ‘consume by fire’ Germanic German brennen n. sense 3 Old English burna burn(e) Germanic Dutch bron German Brunnen ‘well’

Thesaurus:
burn verb
1. I
•The whole city was burning.
be on fire • • go up • • blaze • |BrE smoulder • |AmE smolder •
a fire/bonfire/log burns/blazes/smoulders
a building/house burns/is on fire/goes up
burn/blaze fiercely
2. T, I
•He burned all her letters.
set fire to sth • • set sth on fire • • torch • • scorch • • singe • • char • • sear • • scald • • cremate • |formal incinerate •
burn/set fire to/torch/scald yourself
burn/set fire to/scorch/singe your hair/your clothes
burn/set fire to/torch a car/building

Synonyms:
burn
char • scald • scorch • singe
These words all mean to damage, injure, destroy or kill sb/sth with heat or fire.
burn • to damage, injure, destroy or kill sb/sth with fire, heat or acid; to be damaged, etc. by fire, heat or acid: ▪ She burned all his letters. ◇ ▪ The house ▪ burned down ▪ in 1995.
char • [usually passive] to make sth black by burning it; to become black by burning: ▪ The bodies had been charred beyond recognition.
scald • to burn part of your body with very hot liquid or steam.
scorch • to burn and slightly damage a surface by making it too hot: ▪ I scorched my dress when I was ironing it.
singe • to burn the surface of sth slightly, usually by mistake; to be burnt in this way: ▪ He singed his hair as he tried to light his cigarette.
scorch or singe?
Things are scorched by heat or fire. Things can only be singed by fire or a flame.
to burn/scald yourself/your hand
to burn/scorch/singe your hair/clothes
burned out/charred/scorched remains/ruins/buildings

Synonyms:
hurt
ache • burn • sting • tingle • itch • throb
These are all words that can be used when part of your body feels painful.
hurt • (of part of your body) to feel painful; (of an action) to cause pain: ▪ My feet hurt. ◇ ▪ Ouch! That hurt!
ache • to feel a continuous dull pain: ▪ I'm aching all over.
burn • (of part of your body) to feel very hot and painful: ▪ Our eyes were burning from the chemicals in the air.
sting • to make sb feel a sharp burning pain or uncomfortable feeling in part of their body; (of part of your body) to feel this pain: ▪ My eyes were stinging from the smoke.
tingle • (of part of your body) to feel as if a lot of small sharp points are pushing into the skin there: ▪ The cold air made her face tingle.
itch • to have an uncomfortable feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch; to make your skin feel like this: ▪ I itch all over. ◇ ▪ Does the rash itch?
throb • (of part of your body) to feel pain as a series of regular beats: ▪ His head throbbed painfully.
your eyes hurt/ache/burn/sting/itch
your skin hurts/burns/stings/tingles/itches
your flesh hurts/burns/stings/tingles
your head hurts/aches/throbs
your stomach hurts/aches
to really hurt/ache/burn/sting/tingle/itch/throb
to hurt/ache/sting/itch badly/a lot
It hurts/stings/tingles/itches.

Example Bank:
•Bishop Tunstall preached a sermon against the book, after which copies were ceremonially burnt.
•Fresh leaves will burn slowly with billows of smoke.
•He was burning with indignation.
•Her eyes burned fiercely.
•Her skin seemed to burn at his touch.
•His cheeks burned with embarrassment.
•I like my steak burnt to a cinder on the outside and blood red and juicy inside.
•Joan of Arc was burned at the stake.
•Several people were burned to death.
•She could sense the anger burning slowly inside him.
•The building was burned to the ground.
•The car was found abandoned in a wood, completely burnt out.
•The factory burned down last year.
•The fire was still burning fiercely.
•The tower was struck by lightning and was burned to a cinder.
•Their torches burned brightly in the dark.
•fair skin that burns easily
•hot sunshine burning through the windows
•By night the whole city was burning.
•His greatest fear is of being burnt alive.
•Our eyes were burning from the chemicals in the air.
•Protesters threatened to burn down the house.
•She burned all his letters.
•Sorry— I burned the toast.
•The flame in the oil lamp burned steadily.
•The house burned down in 1995.
•The house was burnt to the ground by protesters.
•The soup's hot. Don't burn your mouth.
•The spacecraft burned up as it entered the earth's atmosphere.
•Your forehead's burning. Have you got a fever?
Idioms: ↑burn a hole in your pocket ▪ ↑burn rubber ▪ ↑burn something to a crisp ▪ ↑burn the candle at both ends ▪ ↑burn the midnight oil ▪ ↑burn your bridges ▪ ↑burn your fingers ▪ ↑get your fingers burnt
Derived: ↑burn away ▪ ↑burn down ▪ ↑burn itself out ▪ ↑burn out ▪ ↑burn somebody up ▪ ↑burn something away ▪ ↑burn something down ▪ ↑burn something off ▪ ↑burn something out ▪ ↑burn something up ▪ ↑burn up ▪ ↑burn yourself out

noun

INJURY
1. countable an injury or a mark caused by fire, heat or acid
•minor/severe/third-degree burns
•cigarette burns on the furniture
•burn marks
•a specialist burns unit in a hospital

IN MUSCLES
2. the burnsingular the feeling that you get in your muscles when you have done a lot of exercise
•Feel the burn!

RIVER
3. countable (ScotE)a small river
Syn: ↑stream
see do a slow burn at ↑slow _adj.

Word Origin:
v. and n. senses 1 to 2 Old English birnan ‘be on fire’ bærnan ‘consume by fire’ Germanic German brennen n. sense 3 Old English burna burn(e) Germanic Dutch bron German Brunnen ‘well’

Example Bank:
•He was treated in the hospital for 60% burns.
•a slight burn on the back of her hand

See also: ↑burn your boats