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Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th
lead
▪ I. lead 1 [lead leads led leading] verb, noun BrE [liːd] NAmE [liːd]
see also ↑lead 2
verb (led, ledBrE [led] ; NAmE [led] )
SHOW THE WAY
1. intransitive, transitive to go with or in front of a person or an animal to show the way or to make them go in the right direction
Syn: ↑guide
• If you lead, I'll follow.
•~ sb/sth + adv./prep. He led us out into the grounds.
•The receptionist led the way to the boardroom.
•She led the horse back into the stable.
• (figurative)I tried to lead the discussion back to the main issue.
CONNECT TWO THINGS
2. intransitive ~ from/to sth (to/from sth) to connect one object or place to another
•the pipe leading from the top of the water tank
• The wire led to a speaker.
OF ROAD/PATH/DOOR
3. intransitive, transitive to go in a particular direction or to a particular place
•+ adv./prep. A path led up the hill.
• Which door leads to the yard?
•~ sb + adv./prep. The track led us through a wood.
CAUSE
4. intransitive ~ to sth to have sth as a result
Syn: result in
• Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
• A reward was offered for information leading to an arrest.
5. transitive to be the reason why sb does or thinks sth
•~ sb (to sth) What led you to this conclusion?
• He's too easily led (= easily persuaded to do or think sth).
•~ sb to do sth This has led scientists to speculate on the existence of other galaxies.
•The situation is far worse than we had been led to believe.
LIFE
6. transitive ~ sth to have a particular type of life
•to lead a quiet life/a life of luxury/a miserable existence
BE BEST/FIRST
7. transitive, intransitive to be the best at sth; to be in first place
•~ (sb/sth) (in sth) The department led the world in cancer research.
• We lead the way in space technology.
•~ (sb/sth) by sth The champion is leading (her nearest rival) by 18 seconds.
BE IN CONTROL
8. transitive, intransitive ~ (sth) to be in control of sth; to be the leader of sth
•to lead an expedition
•to lead a discussion
• Who will lead the party in the next election?
IN CARD GAMES
9. intransitive, transitive to play first; to play sth as your first card
• It's your turn to lead.
•~ sth to lead the ten of clubs
Syn: ↑mislead, see the blind leading the blind at ↑blind adj., you can lead/take a horse to water, but you can't make it drink at ↑horse n., lead/live the life of Riley at ↑life, one thing leads to another at ↑thing
Verb forms: 
Word Origin:
Old English lǣdan Germanic Dutch leiden German leiten ↑load ↑lode
Thesaurus:
lead verb
1. T, I
•The survivors were led to safety.
take • • escort • • show • • walk • • guide • • usher • |formal accompany •
Opp: follow
lead/take/escort/show/walk/guide/usher/accompany sb to/out of/into sth
lead/take/escort/walk/guide/usher/accompany sb there/somewhere
lead/take/escort/show/walk/guide sb round/around
lead/show the way
2. I, T (always used with an adverb or preposition)
•A path leads to the beach.
go • • continue • • reach • • stretch • • extend •
lead/go/continue/reach/stretch/extend beyond/across sth
lead/go/continue/reach/stretch/extend from sth to sth
3. T
•What led you to this conclusion?
prompt • • make • • motivate • |formal induce • • predispose •
lead/predispose sb to sth
lead/prompt/motivate/induce/predispose sb to do sth
make sb do sth
4. I, T
•The champion is leading by 18 seconds.
•They lead the world in cancer research.
be ahead of sb • • leave sb/sth behind • • get ahead • • overtake • • pass • |written, especially business outpace •
Opp: trail
lead/be ahead of sb/leave sb behind/get ahead/overtake in sth
lead/be ahead of sb/overtake a rival
5. T, I
•He led an expedition to the North Pole.
head • • chair • • captain • |formal preside • |especially journalism spearhead •
lead/head/captain a team
lead/head a (political) party/the government
lead/head/chair/preside over a/an commission/committee/inquiry
Head or lead? A person who heads sth has the official position of being the head of it. A person who leads sth may also have an official position, but the verb lead emphasizes their leadership qualities. An individual usually heads sth, but a group of people can lead sth.
Language Bank:
cause
X causes Y
▪ Childhood obesity can cause ▪ / lead to ▪ long-term health problems.
▪ Changes in lifestyle and diet over the last twenty years have caused ▪ / led to ▪ / resulted in ▪ a sharp increase in childhood obesity.
▪ Several factors, including changes in diet and lifestyle, have contributed to ▪ the increase in childhood obesity.
▪ Research suggests that fast food and soft drinks directly contribute to ▪ childhood obesity.
▪ Genetics, lifestyle and diet are ▪ all important factors ▪ in cases of childhood obesity.
▪ Even small changes in lifestyle and diet can bring about ▪ significant weight loss.
Language Banks at ↑because of, ↑consequently, ↑therefore
Synonyms:
take
lead • escort • drive • show • walk • guide • usher • direct
These words all mean to go with sb from one place to another.
take • to go with sb from one place to another, for example in order to show them sth or to show them the way to a place: ▪ It's too far to walk— I'll take you by car.
lead • to go with or go in front of sb in order to show them the way or to make them go in the right direction: ▪ Firefighters led the survivors to safety.
escort • to go with sb in order to protect or guard them or to show them the way: ▪ The president arrived, escorted by twelve bodyguards.
drive • to take sb somewhere in a car, taxi, etc: ▪ My mother drove us to the airport.
show • to take sb to a particular place, in the right direction, or along the correct route: ▪ The attendant showed us to our seats.
walk • to go somewhere with sb on foot, especially in order to make sure that they get there safely; to take an animal, especially a dog, for a walk or make an animal walk somewhere: ▪ He always walked her home. ◇ ▪ Have you walked the dog yet today?
guide • to show sb the way to a place, often by going with them; to show sb a place that you know well: ▪ She guided us through the busy streets. ◇ ▪ We were guided around the museums.
usher • (rather formal) to politely take or show sb where they should go, especially within a building: ▪ She ushered her guests to their seats.
direct • (rather formal) to tell or show sb how to get somewhere or where to go: ▪ A young woman directed them to the station.
to take/lead/escort/drive/show/walk/guide/usher/direct sb to/out of/into sth
to take/lead/escort/drive/show/walk/guide sb around/round
to take/lead/escort/drive/walk sb home
to take/lead/escort/guide sb to safety
to lead/show the way
Example Bank:
•‘Lead on!’ said Arnold.
•An old track led back through the wood.
•Business success does not automatically lead to financial success.
•Discussion of a client's tax affairs will lead naturally into consideration of investment options.
•Five people helping to lead a convoy of aid are feared dead.
•I tried to lead as normal a life as possible.
•Industrialization inevitably led to the expansion of the urban working class.
•Let me lead the way.
•Often there are discoveries which lead nowhere.
•She led them along a dark corridor to a small room.
•Some children are easily led.
•Such actions would most likely lead to the decline of rural communities.
•Sugar and fat can easily lead to obesity.
•Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.
•The carbon tax might well lead to a doubling of prices for fossil fuels.
•The gardens lead directly onto a beach.
•The glass doors lead out onto a rooftop garden.
•The use of soft drugs does not necessarily lead to a progression to hard drugs.
•These measures in turn led to an increased opportunity for independent music production.
•Worrying about your weight is more likely to lead to comforting yourself with a piece of chocolate.
•Worrying about your weight is more likely to lead to low self-esteem.
•You lead the way and we'll follow.
•a path leading from the village to the old church
•the events that led eventually to war
•Detective Inspector Adrian Eakins, who is leading the hunt for the killer, has called a press conference.
•Disconnect the pipe leading from the top of the water tank.
•Firefighters led the survivors to safety.
•He led the first expedition to the North Pole.
•He led the race for eight laps until his engine blew.
•If you lead, I'll follow.
•She is leading her nearest rival by 18 seconds.
•The campaign for the ban had been led by Greenpeace and the World Wide Fund for Nature.
•The firm's solid construction standards still lead the field.
•The project is run by a team of experts led by Andrew Hall.
•The situation is far worse than we had been led to believe.
•This has led scientists to speculate on the existence life on other planets.
•Top management should be seen to lead by example.
•What we found leads us to suspect that more people may be involved.
•Who will lead the party into the next election?
Idioms: ↑lead from the front ▪ ↑lead nowhere ▪ ↑lead somebody a dance ▪ ↑lead somebody by the nose ▪ ↑lead somebody up the garden path
Derived: ↑lead off ▪ ↑lead off something ▪ ↑lead somebody on ▪ ↑lead something off ▪ ↑lead up to something ▪ ↑lead with something
noun
FIRST PLACE
1. the leadsingular the position ahead of everyone else in a race or competition
• She took the lead in the second lap.
• He has gone into the lead.
•The Democrats now appear to be in the lead.
•to hold/lose the lead
•The lead car is now three minutes ahead of the rest of the field.
2. singular ~ (over sb/sth) the amount or distance that sb/sth is in front of sb/sth else
Syn: ↑advantage
• He managed to hold a lead of two seconds over his closest rival.
• The polls have given Labour a five-point lead.
•a commanding/comfortable lead
•to increase/widen your lead
•Manchester lost their early two-goal lead.
EXAMPLE
3. singular an example or action for people to copy
•If one bank raises interest rates, all the others will follow their lead.
•If we take the lead in this (= start to act), others may follow.
•You go first, I'll take my lead from you.
INFORMATION
4. countable a piece of information that may help to find out the truth or facts about a situation, especially a crime
Syn: ↑clue
•The police will follow up all possible leads.
ACTOR/MUSICIAN
5. countable the main part in a play, film/movie, etc; the person who plays this part
•Who is playing the lead?
•the male/female lead
•a lead role
•the lead singer in a band
FOR DOG
6. (BrE) (also leash NAmE, BrE)countable a long piece of leather, chain or rope used for holding and controlling a dog
•Dogs must be kept on a lead in the park.
FOR ELECTRICITY
7. countable (BrE)a long piece of wire, usually covered in plastic, that is used to connect a piece of electrical equipment to a source of electricity
see also ↑extension lead, ↑jump lead
Word Origin:
Old English lǣdan Germanic Dutch leiden German leiten ↑load ↑lode
Thesaurus:
lead noun
1. the lead sing.
•The Democrats are in the lead.
the front • • the forefront • • the foreground • • the fore •
in the lead/forefront/foreground
2. sing.
•She has a narrow lead over the other runners.
advantage • • edge • • the upper hand • • head start •
a lead/an advantage/an edge/the upper hand/a head start over sb
a lead/an advantage/an edge/the upper hand/a head start in sth
have/give sb a lead/an advantage/an edge/the upper hand/a head start
Example Bank:
•Did you find any leads when you searched it?
•Dogs must be kept on a lead in this park.
•For the time being, China has a solid lead over India.
•He had opened up a small lead over his opponent.
•He said that he has a lead as to where Dylan may be.
•Her big break came when she was chosen to play the lead in a Broadway musical.
•Houston increased their lead to 13–7
•It turned out to be a false lead.
•Let the dog off the lead.
•She has a narrow lead over the other runners.
•She sings lead on four tracks.
•Sheffield increased their lead just before half time.
•Some promising leads are already emerging.
•That game puts her back into the lead.
•The government should give a lead in tackling racism.
•The police are following every possible lead.
•The team has now built up a commanding lead.
•They have several solid leads in their investigation.
•They regained the lead with only a few minutes left to play.
•They took an early lead.
•This win gives the team a two-point lead over their closest rival.
•We should follow their lead in banning chemical weapons.
•We were struggling to stay in the lead.
•corporations that have chosen to take the lead on the privacy issue
•leads on the murderer's identity
•Both Christine and Fiona want the lead role.
•Give your dog a period of exercise off the lead.
•He gradually extended his lead in the second half of the race to win by 49 seconds.
•I always dreamed of becoming the lead singer in a band.
•If one bank raises interest rates, others will follow their lead.
•Intellectuals took the lead in criticism of the government.
•Sixth- formers are seen to give the lead to younger students.
•The battery's flat— have you got any jump leads?
•The country is yearning for a firm moral lead.
•The report did not provide a clear lead for the improvement of training.
•The yacht quickly established a one-mile lead over the nearest rival.
•They took a 3–0 lead in the first leg of the semi-final.
•We have to keep him on a tight lead when there are other dogs around.
•We'll have to use an extension lead.
•Who is playing the lead?
•You go first, I'll take my lead from you.
See also: ↑leash
▪ II. lead 2 [lead leads led leading] BrE [led] NAmE [led] noun
see also ↑lead 1
1. uncountable (symb. Pb)a chemical element. Lead is a heavy soft grey metal, used especially in the past for water pipes or to cover roofs.
2. countable, uncountable the thin black part of a pencil that marks paper
more at swing the lead at ↑swing v.
Idiom: ↑go down like a lead balloon
Word Origin:
Old English lēad West Germanic Dutch lood ‘lead’ German Lot ‘plummet, solder’
Example Bank:
•Lead exposure can be harmful to everyone, especially young children and babies.
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