refer
1. make reference to (Freq. 21)
- His name was mentioned in connection with the invention
• Syn:
mention, advert, bring up, cite, name
• Derivationally related forms:
reference, name (for: name), naming (for: name), citation (for: cite), mention (for: mention), mentioner (for: mention)
• Hypernyms:
think of, have in mind, mean
• Hyponyms:
commend, remember, speak of the devil, quote, cite,
touch on, invoke, appeal, namedrop, raise, bring up,
drag up, dredge up, cross-refer
• Verb Frames:
- Somebody ----s something
- Somebody ----s somebody
- Something ----s somebody
- Something ----s something
- Something is ----ing PP
- Somebody ----s PP
- Somebody ----s PP (for: advert)
2. be relevant to (Freq. 18)
- There were lots of questions referring to her talk
- My remark pertained to your earlier comments
• Syn:
pertain, relate, concern, come to, bear on,
touch, touch on, have-to doe with
• Derivationally related forms:
pertinent (for: pertain), pertinency (for: pertain), pertinence (for: pertain), reference
• Hyponyms:
focus on, center on, revolve around, revolve about, concentrate on,
center, apply, hold, go for, involve, affect,
regard, matter to, interest
• Verb Group:
allude, touch, advert
• Verb Frames:
- Something ----s somebody
- Something ----s something
- Something is ----ing PP (for: relate)
- Something is ----ing PP (for: pertain)
- Something is ----ing PP
3. think of, regard, or classify under a subsuming principle or with a general group or in relation to another (Freq. 12)
- This plant can be referred to a known species
• Derivationally related forms:
reference
• Hypernyms:
classify, class, sort, assort, sort out, separate
• Verb Frames:
- Somebody ----s something PP
4. send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision (Freq. 6)
- refer a patient to a specialist
- refer a bill to a committee
• Derivationally related forms:
referee, reference, referral
• Hypernyms:
send, direct
• Hyponyms:
submit, subject, recommit
• Verb Frames:
- Somebody ----s something to somebody
5. seek information from (Freq. 4)
- You should consult the dictionary
- refer to your notes
• Syn:
consult, look up
• Derivationally related forms:
reference, consultation (for: consult)
• Hypernyms:
research
• Verb Frames:
- Somebody ----s something
- Somebody ----s PP
6. have as a meaning (Freq. 3)
- 'multi-' denotes 'many'
• Syn:
denote
• Derivationally related forms:
reference, denotive (for: denote), denotative (for: denote), denotation (for: denote)
• Hypernyms:
mean, intend, signify, stand for
• Hyponyms:
twist, twist around, pervert, convolute, sophisticate,
euphemize, euphemise, hark back, return, come back, recall,
name, identify, apply, slur, express, state
• Verb Group:
denote
• Verb Frames:
- Something ----s something
- Something is ----ing PP
- Somebody ----s PP
7. use a name to designate
- Christians refer to the mother of Jesus as the Virgin Mary
• Hypernyms:
name, call
• Verb Frames:
- Somebody ----s something
- Somebody ----s somebody
- Something ----s somebody
- Something ----s something
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