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Từ điển LongMan Dictionary
clause
clause AC /klɔːz $ klɒːz/ noun [COUNTABLE] [date : 1200-1300; Language : Old French; Origin : Medieval Latin clausa 'end of a sentence', from Latin claudere; ⇨ close1] 1. a part of a written law or legal document covering a particular subject of the whole law or document: ▪ A confidentiality clause was added to the contract.
2. technical a group of words that contains a subject and a verb, but which is usually only part of a sentence
noun COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES a clause/provision in the constitution (=a rule or condition in it) ▪ The provision in the European constitution that limited women's roles in the military was found to be discriminatory. dependent clause independent clause main clause opt-out clause ▪ an opt-out clause penalty clause relative clause restrictive clause subordinate clause COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS ADJECTIVE dependent ▪ This should be written in short grammatical sentences with the minimum of dependent clauses. ▪ The example below uses an independent and dependent clause. ▪ The dependent clause functions as a substitution item in a frame, the frame being the rest of the sentence. ▪ What is the ratio of dependent to independent clauses? general ▪ A general exclusion clause which excludes liability altogether is thus very unlikely to be reasonable under s 3. ▪ Second, the text shows that it was important to know whether the general clause applied or not. independent ▪ The example below uses an independent and dependent clause. ▪ Frye wrote the words independent clause and subordinate clause on the board. ▪ What is the ratio of dependent to independent clauses? main ▪ The main clause elements are subject, predicator, object, complement, and adjunct. ▪ However, when a subordinate clause follows a main clause this additional processing load does not occur. ▪ Also, they commonly appear as subordinate elements in a sentence where the main clause indicates the speaker. new ▪ Mr. Wilson: The new clause and amendments are primarily concerned with consumer interests. ▪ The new clause provides him with an opportunity to prove that he is a caring individual. ▪ Invariably, new clauses will come first in the order of business on Report. ▪ It would certainly include statements by successful movers of amendments and new clauses to Bills. ▪ I ask the Minister to support the new clause. ▪ The new clause seeks to address that specific problem. ▪ Our new clause 17 would establish their entitlement to rebates, which would benefit them greatly. relative ▪ The most notable is the relative pronoun that, which can only be used with a restrictive relative clause. ▪ A relative clause counts as dependent whereas an adjective modifying a noun clearly does not. ▪ Moreover, as we have remarked, many relative clauses with adjectives will not give postnominal adjectives. restrictive ▪ The most notable is the relative pronoun that, which can only be used with a restrictive relative clause. ▪ A restrictive clause in the title deed limited the land use to mission purposes. ▪ Intellectual property: Restrictive intellectual property clauses in employment contracts or restrictive covenants could force the brightest free workers to walk. subordinate ▪ Judgments frequently consist of long paragraphs and convoluted sentences replete with subordinate clauses. ▪ Frye wrote the words independent clause and subordinate clause on the board. ▪ This seems likely, to judge from the profusion and confusion of qualifications and subordinate clauses. ▪ However, when a subordinate clause follows a main clause this additional processing load does not occur. NOUN escape ▪ He would act alone, but he would take care to provide himself with an escape clause. ▪ Fourth, the escape clauses it provides are likely to be far from fully effective. ▪ Here was the escape clause the board was looking for. ▪ The film strives for a surface kind of cynicism, only to invoke the Love Conquers All escape clause in the end. ▪ The metal employers' federation says half its members may resort to the escape clause. exclusion ▪ In interpreting the clause, their lordships observed that this was a limitation of liability clause and not a complete exclusion clause. ▪ Having regard to future possibilities as well as present realities, an exclusion clause would be indispensable in the new system. ▪ The Court of Appeal held that the oral statement overrode the exclusion clause which therefore did not form part of the contract. ▪ The nature of the contract, contractual and tortious liabilities and the use of exclusion clauses will be considered. ▪ It therefore appears that an exclusion clause can apply, even to cases of fundamental breach and breach of fundamental term. ▪ The exclusion clause was of no effect for this breach of an express term. ▪ It is for this reason that a seller will usually be unable to rely on an exclusion clause printed on a receipt. ▪ The policy is subject to the war exclusion clause. exemption ▪ As a defence, the Council pleaded an exemption clause printed on the back of the ticket. ▪ An exemption clause may, contrary to appearances, have little or no effect. ▪ Under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 any exemption clauses in the rules must be reasonable. ▪ The 1977 Act places severe curbs upon the effectiveness of exemption clauses of many sorts. ▪ The plaintiff was awarded £50 in damages. Exemption clauses are also controlled by statute. ▪ The sellers tried to rely upon the exemption clause. ▪ This means that, even though an exemption clause on its wording apparently provides a defence, it may nevertheless be ineffective. ▪ From this trilogy of cases the modem approach to the interpretation of exemption clauses has emerged. penalty ▪ She knew she would feel a good deal less proud when she told Alice about the penalty clause. ▪ The defendants were liable to a penalty clause in the main contract if the work was not completed on time. ▪ How if at all did the existence of the penalty clause affect the consideration given by the plaintiff? ▪ The owners of the dredger required it to complete a contract which contained an onerous penalty clause. ▪ There are stiff penalty clauses for late delivery. review ▪ The interrelationship of this clause with the rent review clause should be considered. ▪ However, most leases incorporate a rent review clause which provides for the periodic raising of the rent. ▪ Commercially, such a rent review clause may work to the disadvantage of either party. ▪ All those cases turned on the effect of particular words in the rent review clause. VERB add ▪ Where the seller is successful in adding his additional clause, the guarantee obviously acts as an exclusion of liability. ▪ The epilogue claims that Childebert added six clauses and Chlothar ten. allow ▪ This clause allows provinces to be exempt from court rulings for five years. ▪ Some contracts, however, have cost-escalation clauses allowing the passing on of any increased costs. ▪ The law includes a clause which allows a delay of one and a half years for its application for some users. construe ▪ The courts were generally reluctant to construe an exclusion clause as covering cases of breach of fundamental term or fundamental breach. contain ▪ Clause 9.2 of Precedent 2 contains a standard clause preventing sub-contracting. ▪ Operating leases also often contain cancellation clauses so that the lessee is not locked into a long-term agreement. ▪ At one extreme one may find a written contract containing many detailed clauses setting out the terms of the contract. ▪ It also contained a clause which effectively provided for its continued validity should the Soviet Union be dissolved or reconstituted. ▪ Explain the reasons why partnership agreements often contain clauses relating to interest, bonuses, salaries and division of profits. ▪ The Bill is short, containing only five clauses and two schedules, which is a good thing. ▪ These trust deeds usually contain an expert clause about the remuneration of the trustee appointed under the deed. ▪ The owners of the dredger required it to complete a contract which contained an onerous penalty clause. hold ▪ The House of Lords held the clause unreasonable. ▪ It was held that clause 13 dearly imposed that fiduciary relationship upon the buyers. include ▪ Only 14 % had received advice about including mediation clauses in contracts. ▪ His new deal, however, does not include clauses that would prevent him from leaving before the term is completed. ▪ They included clauses to devolve power by increasing the autonomy and economic power of local councils. ▪ Tulsa signed Self, 34, to a five-year contract that includes a buyout clause. ▪ Is it beyond the wit of Byers and his legal eagles to include a sunset clause in the final version? ▪ The law includes a clause which allows a delay of one and a half years for its application for some users. insert ▪ It is encouraging that the National Union of Journalists has now inserted an anti-ageist clause into its code of conduct. ▪ The newly inserted clause in the lease required a tenant to vacate the premises on 90 days notice. ▪ Subsequently, the Government inserted a clause of their own which went some way to meet Lord Scarman's amendment. ▪ He has inserted a clause into his contract which bans screenwriter Joel Silver from the set while he is working. interpret ▪ In interpreting the clause, their lordships observed that this was a limitation of liability clause and not a complete exclusion clause. ▪ The court in interpreting the clause, leans against the seller. ▪ The model may be the context for interpreting the clause, but the interpretation need not be a full one. provide ▪ Clause 9 provides an interesting exemption clause. rely ▪ The burden of proving that a clause satisfies the reasonableness test is on the party who seeks to rely on the clause. ▪ The burden of proof is on the person seeking to rely on the clause. ▪ It is for this reason that a seller will usually be unable to rely on an exclusion clause printed on a receipt. ▪ The sellers tried to rely upon the exemption clause. state ▪ The clause should also state the earliest date upon which the option may be exercised. ▪ This clause must state the company's nominal capital, and how the capital is divided into shares. EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES ▪ A clause in the contract states when payment must be made. ▪ Courts ruled that prayer in school violates a clause of the First Amendment. ▪ I was told that this clause would be removed from the contract. ▪ In the sentence "Can you tell me what time it is?" 'Can you tell me' is the main clause, and 'what time it is' is a subordinate clause. ▪ We will go to the theatre tonight \\[main clause\\] if we can get tickets \\[subordinate clause\\]. EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS ▪ An important preliminary point is that the dividing line between an exclusion clause and a disclosure clause may be thin. ▪ However, the clause did not make this clear. ▪ In many cases it may be impossible to predict with certainty whether or not a particular clause will be effective. ▪ It also covers a selection of other contract clauses frequently encountered in many types of commercial agreement, for example confidentiality clauses. ▪ Later, I had cause to be grateful for that clause. ▪ The agreement included a clause setting up a joint committee to oversee air quality. ▪ The compulsory clauses of the memorandum are only part of it. ▪ The law includes a clause which allows a delay of one and a half years for its application for some users.
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