Tra từ standard - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

stand·ard [standard standards] noun, adjective BrE [ˈstændəd] NAmE [ˈstændərd]
noun

LEVEL OF QUALITY
1. countable, uncountable ~ (of sth) a level of quality, especially one that people think is acceptable
•a fall in academic standards
• We aim to maintain high standards of customer care.
• The standard of this year's applications is very low.
•He failed to reach the required standard, and did not qualify for the race.
•Her work is not up to standard (= of a good enough standard).
•Who sets the standard for water quality?
•A number of Britain's beaches fail to meet European standards on cleanliness.
•In the shanty towns there are very poor living standards.
see also ↑standard of living, ↑substandard
2. countable, usually plural a level of quality that is normal or acceptable for a particular person or in a particular situation
• You'd better lower your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to live.
• It was a simple meal by Eddie's standards.
•The equipment is slow and heavy by modern standards.

LEVEL OF BEHAVIOUR
3. standardsplural a level of behaviour that sb considers to be morally acceptable
•a man of high moral standards
• Standards aren't what they used to be.
see also ↑double standard

UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
4. countable a unit of measurement that is officially used; an official rule used when producing sth
•a reduction in the weight standard of silver coins
•industry standards
see also ↑gold standard

FLAG
5. countable a flag that is used during official ceremonies, especially one connected with a particular military group
•the royal standard

SONG
6. countable a song that has been recorded by many different singers

Word Origin:
Middle English (denoting a flag raised on a pole as a rallying point, the authorized exemplar of a unit of measurement, or an upright timber): shortening of Old French estendart, from estendre ‘extend’; in sense 5, influenced by the verb ↑stand.

Thesaurus:
standard noun
1. C, usually pl.
•The journey was quick by any standards.
criterion • • measure • • benchmark • • yardstick • • guide • • guideline • • norm •
by any standard/criteria/measure/yardstick
provide a standard/criterion/measure/benchmark/yardstick/guide
set/establish a standard/criteria/the benchmark/norms
2. C, U
•There are concerns about falling standards in schools.
level • • quality • • grade • |BrE calibre • |AmE caliber •
be of a/the …standard/level/grade/quality/calibre
high/highest/low standard/level/grade/quality/calibre
raise/improve the standard/level/quality/calibre of sth
3. standards
•a woman of high moral standards
principle • • ideal • • values • • morality • • morals • • ethics •
personal standards/principles/values/morality/ethics
have (no/high, etc.) standards/principles/ideals/values/morals
compromise your standards/principles/ideals/values

Example Bank:
•By modern standards, he isn't a particularly fast runner.
•Charles Schulz's ‘Peanuts’ is the gold standard for comic strips.
•He set a new standard of excellence in detective fiction.
•It's impossible to apply the same academic standards across the country.
•Judged by any objective standards, the campaign was a disaster.
•My grandparents are always complaining about falling moral standards.
•Players have to be of a certain standard to compete in the tournament.
•She has reached an acceptable standard of English.
•She's a great violinist by any standard.
•The Olympic qualifying standard has been set at 64.50 m.
•The agency has very high standards.
•The army was massive by the standards of the day.
•The bill established new emissions standards for cars sold in the state.
•The building work had not been completed to a satisfactory standard.
•The factory is struggling to meet national environmental standards.
•The hotel service fell short of the usual standard.
•The houses need to be brought up to modern standards.
•The newspaper has to offer a gold standard for journalistic integrity.
•The product has become an industry standard.
•The region enjoys the highest living standards in Asia.
•The work has been done to a professional standard.
•There has been a drop in the standard of health care.
•There has been an increase in the standard of service provided.
•They will adopt common standards for dealing with asylum applications.
•We have to try and achieve the quality standards set by the project.
•We must ensure proper standards of care for the elderly.
•We need to bring our computer system up to standard.
•Your work is below standard.
•a decent standard of living
•standards in safety
•the double standard frequently encountered in 19th-century attitudes to sex
•the fall in their standard of living caused by redundancy
•A number of Britain's beaches fail to meet European standards on cleanliness.
•As a result of the redundancies, most families suffered a fall in their standard of living.
•Attempts are being made to raise standards of patient care.
•He failed to reach the required standard, and did not qualify for the race.
•Her work is not up to standard.
•I don't know if it's up to your standards.
•I'm afraid your assignment was below standard.
•In the shanty towns there are very poor living standards.
•It was a simple meal, by Eddie's standards
•It was an excellent morning's work by anybody's standards.
•It wasn't early by her standards.
•No matter how hard I tried I could never reach their standards.
•The equipment was slow and heavy by modern standards.
•The journey was remarkably quick by any standards.
•The standard of this year's applications is very low.
•There are real concerns about falling standards in schools.
•There has been a fall in academic standards.
•These mountains are high by British standards.
•This sum of money was a fortune by the standards of the day.
•You'd better lower your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to live.
•sb's standard of living

adjective

AVERAGE/NORMAL
1. average or normal rather than having special or unusual features
• A standard letter was sent to all candidates.
• Televisions are a standard feature in most hotel rooms.
•the standard rate of tax (= paid by everyone)
•It is standard practice to search visitors as they enter the building.
•All vehicles come with a CD player as standard.
•standard issue uniforms (= given to everyone)

SIZE/MEASUREMENT
2. usually before noun following a particular standard set, for example, by an industry
•standard sizes of clothes
• Washing machines have standard measurements to fit under kitchen units.

BOOK/WRITER
3. only before noun read by most people who are studying a particular subject

LANGUAGE
4. usually before noun (of spelling, pronunciation, grammar. etc.)believed to be correct and used by most people
•Standard English
compare ↑non-standard, ↑substandard

Word Origin:
Middle English (denoting a flag raised on a pole as a rallying point, the authorized exemplar of a unit of measurement, or an upright timber): shortening of Old French estendart, from estendre ‘extend’; in sense 5, influenced by the verb ↑stand.

Thesaurus:
standard adj.
•Calls will be charged at the standard rate.
usual • • regular • • general • • routine • • traditional • • habitual •
Opp: non-standard
the standard/usual/regular/general/routine/traditional procedure/practice
the standard/usual/regular/general/routine/traditional/habitual way

Example Bank:
•Anti-lock brakes come as standard.
•The stations were built to a simple, almost standard design.
•a fairly standard method of assessing employees
•‘No comment’ is his standard reply to most questions.
•All vehicles come with a catalytic converter as standard.
•Calls will be charged at the standard rate.
•I enclose a copy of our standard contract.
•Imprisonment became the standard method of punishment.
•It is standard practice to search visitors as they enter the building.
•Pizza dough is oilier than standard bread dough.
•The rifle was standard issue for the British army before the First World War.