Tra từ rough - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

rough [rough roughs roughed roughing rougher roughest] adjective, noun, verb, adverb BrE [rʌf] NAmE [rʌf]
adjective (rough·er, rough·est)

NOT SMOOTH
1. having a surface that is not even or regular
•rough ground
• The skin on her hands was hard and rough.
• Trim rough edges with a sharp knife.
Opp: ↑smooth

NOT EXACT
2. not exact; not including all details
Syn: ↑approximate
•a rough calculation/estimate of the cost
• I've got a rough idea of where I want to go.
• There were about 20 people there, at a rough guess.
•a rough draft of a speech
•a rough sketch

VIOLENT
3. not gentle or careful; violent
• This watch is not designed for rough treatment.
• They complained of rough handling by the guards.
•rough kids
•Don't try any rough stuff with me!
4. where there is a lot of violence or crime
•the roughest neighbourhood in the city

SEA
5. having large and dangerous waves
• It was too rough to sail that night.
• We had a rough passage across to the island.

WEATHER
6. wild and with storms

DIFFICULT
7. difficult and unpleasant
Syn: ↑tough
• He's had a really rough time recently (= he's had a lot of problems).
• We'll get someone in to do the rough work (= the hard physical work).

NOT WELL
8. (BrE)not feeling well
•You look rough— are you OK?
•I had a rough night (= I didn't sleep well).

PLAIN/BASIC
9. simply made and not finished in every detail; plain or basic
•rough wooden tables
•a rough track
• (BrE)rough paper for making notes on

NOT SMOOTH
10. not smooth or pleasant to taste, listen to, etc
•a rough wine/voice
see also ↑roughly
more at have/give sb a rough/an easy ˈride at ↑ride _n.

Word Origin:
Old English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.

Thesaurus:
rough adj.
1.
•The car is designed for travelling over rough ground.
uneven • • bumpy • • rutted • • rocky • • rugged •
Opp: smooth
a/an rough/uneven/bumpy/rocky surface
a/an rough/uneven/bumpy/rutted road
rough/uneven/bumpy/rocky ground/terrain
2.
•The skin on her hands was hard and rough.
coarse • • leathery • • scaly • • scratchy • • bristly • • prickly •
Opp: soft
rough/coarse/leathery/scaly skin
rough/coarse/scratchy cloth/fabric/material
Rough or coarse? Coarse is a more literary word than rough for talking about skin or fabric. Coarse, but not rough, can also describe hair, sand, salt or gravel.
3.
•There were about 20 people there, at a rough guess.
vague • • imprecise • • broad • |especially written approximate •
Opp: exact
a/an rough/vague/broad/approximate idea
a rough/an approximate calculation/figure/estimate/guide/translation
Rough or approximate? Rough more often describes an estimate, idea or guess of sth; approximate most often describes the number, amount, cost, etc. of sth. Rough, but not approximate can describe a piece of writing or a drawing:
•a rough draft/sketch of sth
✗ an approximate draft/sketch of sth
4.
•They complained of rough handling by the guards.
violent • • aggressive • • brutal •
Opp: gentle
rough/violent/brutal treatment
get rough/violent/aggressive
5.
•It was too rough to sail that night.
stormy • • violent • • choppy • • turbulent • • raging •
Opp: calm
a rough/stormy/violent/choppy/turbulent/raging sea
rough/stormy/choppy/turbulent conditions
rough/stormy/violent weather
6.
•Life was rough on the streets.
tough • • difficult • • hard • • bad • |formal adverse • |BrE, formal unfavourable • |AmE, formal unfavorable •
Opp: easy, Opp: pleasant
rough/tough/hard on sb
rough/tough/difficult/hard/bad/adverse/unfavourable conditions
a rough/tough/difficult/hard/bad time/day/week/year
a rough/tough/difficult/hard life/childhood

Example Bank:
•Her voice was rough with emotion.
•His voice sounded rough.
•I'm still feeling a bit rough.
•It has a slightly rough texture.
•It's only a very rough guide.
•The weather was pretty rough.
•They'd suffered some fairly rough treatment.
•Things got a bit rough, and the police were called.
•We only had his rather rough version of events.
•You had to stand in the train all night?— That's a bit rough.
•‘I suppose you expect me to apologize for this,’ he said in a rough voice.
•Don't try any rough stuff with me.
•He gave us a rough estimate of how much the work would cost.
•He's had a really rough time recently.
•I made a rough sketch of the inside of the church.
•I've got a rough idea of where I want to go.
•Life was rough on the streets.
•She doesn't like playing with the rough kids.
•She gave us a rough draft of the speech she's giving later this month.
•The car is designed for travelling over rough ground.
•There were about 20 people there, at a rough guess.
•There's no way he could have swum ashore in such rough weather.
•They set sail in rough conditions.
•Trim any rough edges with a sharp knife.
Idioms: ↑in rough ▪ ↑live rough ▪ ↑rough deal ▪ ↑rough edges ▪ ↑rough end of the pineapple ▪ ↑rough it ▪ ↑take the rough with the smooth
Derived Word: ↑roughness
Derived: ↑rough somebody up ▪ ↑rough something out

noun

IN GOLF
1. the roughsingular the part of a ↑golf course where the grass is long, making it more difficult to hit the ball
•His second shot ended up in the rough.
compare ↑fairway

DRAWING/DESIGN
2. countable (technical)the first version of a drawing or design that has been done quickly and without much detail
•Only the best of the roughs are shown to the editor.

VIOLENT PERSON
3. countable (old-fashioned, informal)a violent person
•a gang of roughs
more at a bit of rough at ↑bit

Word Origin:
Old English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.

verb
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Old English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.

adverb
using force or violence
•Do they always play this rough?

Word Origin:
Old English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.