Tra từ force - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

force [force forces forced forcing] noun, verb BrE [fɔːs] NAmE [fɔːrs]
noun

VIOLENT ACTION
1. uncountable violent physical action used to obtain or achieve sth
• The release of the hostages could not be achieved without the use of force.
• The rioters were taken away by force.
•The ultimatum contained the threat of military force.
•We will achieve much more by persuasion than by brute force.
•plans to seize power by force of arms (= by military force)

PHYSICAL STRENGTH
2. uncountable the physical strength of sth that is shown as it hits sth else
•the force of the blow/explosion/collision
• The shopping centre took the full force of the blast.
• She hits the ball with amazing force for someone so small.

STRONG EFFECT
3. uncountable the strong effect or influence of sth
• They realized the force of her argument.
• He controlled himself by sheer force of will.
•She spoke with force and deliberation.

SB/STH WITH POWER
4. countable a person or thing that has a lot of power or influence
•economic/market forces
•the forces of good/evil
• Ron is the driving force (= the person who has the most influence) behind the project.
• She's a force to be reckoned with (= a person who has a lot of power and influence and should therefore be treated seriously).
•The expansion of higher education should be a powerful force for change.
•Television has become a major force in American political life.
•He was finally defeated by forces beyond his control.

AUTHORITY
5. uncountable the authority of sth
•These guidelines do not have the force of law.
•The court ruled that these standards have force in British law.
•The culprits must expect to face the full force of the law.

GROUP OF PEOPLE
6. countable + singular or plural verb a group of people who have been organized for a particular purpose
•a member of the sales force
• A large proportion of the labour force (= all the people who work in a particular company, area, etc.) is unskilled.
see also ↑workforce

MILITARY
7. countable + singular or plural verb a group of people who have been trained to protect other people, usually by using weapons
•a member of the security forces
•rebel/government forces
•a peace-keeping force
see also ↑air force, ↑police force, ↑task force
8. the forcesplural (BrE)the army, navy and ↑air force
•allied forces
see also ↑armed forces
9. forcesplural the weapons and soldiers that an army, etc. has, considered as things that may be used
•strategic nuclear forces.

POLICE
10. the forcesingular (BrE)the police force
• He joined the force twenty years ago.

PHYSICS
11. countable, uncountable an effect that causes things to move in a particular way
• The moon exerts a force on the earth.
•the force of gravity
•magnetic/centrifugal force

OF WIND
12. countable, usually singular a unit for measuring the strength of the wind
•a force 9 gale
•a gale force wind
see also ↑tour de force
more at a spent force at ↑spent

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French force (noun), forcer (verb), based on Latin fortis ‘strong’.

Thesaurus:
force noun
1. U
•The rioters were taken away by force.
strength • • power • |formal coercion • • might •
physical force/strength/power/coercion
brute force/strength
use (your) force/strength/power/coercion/might
2. U
•The force of the blast hurled bodies into the air.
impact • • shock •
the force/impact of the blow/crash
the force/shock of the impact/explosion
feel the force/shock/impact
3. U
•The force of her argument impressed the committee.
power • • impact •
(a) considerable/tremendous/great force/power/impact
4. C+sing./pl. v.
•A peace-keeping force was deployed to the area.
army • • unit • • contingent • • legion •
(a/the) British/French, etc. forces/army/unit
(a/an) enemy/rebel forces/army/units
command/be in command of a/an force/army/unit/contingent
a/an force/army/legion invades

Word Family:
force noun verb
forceful adjective
forcefully adverb
forced adjective (≠ unforced)
forcible adjective
forcibly adverb
enforce verb

Example Bank:
•A large expeditionary force is now being assembled.
•A small peacekeeping force will be deployed in the area.
•Competition is a force for change in industry.
•Deep internal forces cause movements of the earth's crust.
•Even the opposition MPs felt the force of the prime minister's argument.
•Everyone felt the force of his argument.
•He called on the local population to rise up against the occupying forces.
•I felt the full force of her criticism.
•In the end, we had to resort to brute force to get the door open.
•It was as if an invisible force field kept us apart.
•Local parents were the driving force behind the project.
•More troops have been called in to support the coalition forces there.
•Our house took the full force of the bomb blast.
•Professional standards often do not have the force of law.
•Rebel forces now control most of the capital.
•She decided to join the armed forces.
•She used her sheer force of personality to keep the family together.
•She was seen as a potentially disruptive force within the party.
•Some archaic laws are still in force.
•Some laws relating to obsolete customs are still in force.
•The contract was not signed and has no binding force.
•The country's attempts to meet force with force led to the outbreak of war.
•The country's attempts to meet force with force= resist an attack using force led to the outbreak of war.
•The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.
•The king made laws and imposed them by force.
•The new law comes into force as from midnight tomorrow.
•The play portrays a marriage torn apart by external forces.
•The regulations allow the use of force if necessary.
•The sun exerts a force on the earth.
•The troops marched in and took the city by force.
•The two companies have joined forces to form a new consortium.
•The wind was increasing to gale force.
•These elite forces are the best equipped and trained in the world.
•This is a politician who does not like to balance market forces.
•Though officially retired, she remains the creative force behind the design business.
•UN forces operating in the region
•With its new players, the team is now very much a force to be reckoned with.
•a UN deadline for the withdrawal of forces
•a company's labour force
•a joint task force
•a token force of only 300 men
•hurricane-force winds
•lateral forces acting on the car's suspension
•people in the security forces
•powerful natural forces such as earthquakes and drought
•powerful social and economic forces
•shifts in the balance of political forces in Europe
•the US labour/labor force
•the attractive and repulsive forces between individual particles
•the combined forces of MI5 and Scotland Yard
•the country's labour force
•the decision to send armed forces over the border
•the force field of a magnet
•to fight the forces of evil
•A UN-led task force of 28 000 troops was sent to the area.
•A peace-keeping force was deployed to the area.
•Allied forces were able to advance to the capital.
•He controlled himself by sheer force of will.
•Many social and economic forces contributed to this trend.
•Police were accused of using excessive force.
•Suddenly it came home to me with tremendous force that this was my last chance.
•The country now has its own army, air force and navy.
•The culprits must expect to face the full force of the law.
•The emotional force of the songs derives from their universal themes.
•The expansion of higher education was a powerful force for change.
•The force of the blast hurled bodies into the air.
•The force of this argument was recognized by the committee.
•The government is negotiating cuts to nuclear forces.
•The rioters were taken away by force.
•There were plans to seize power by force of arms.
•They see the world as a battleground between the forces of good and evil.
•We achieve much more by persuasion than by brute force.
•We had to resort to force to get the door open.
•We were visited by a member of the security forces.
Idioms: ↑bring something into force ▪ ↑come into force ▪ ↑force of habit ▪ ↑force somebody's hand ▪ ↑force the issue ▪ ↑force the pace ▪ ↑forces of nature ▪ ↑in force ▪ ↑join forces
Derived: ↑force somebody on somebody ▪ ↑force something back ▪ ↑force something down ▪ ↑force something out of somebody

verb

MAKE SB DO STH
1. often passive to make sb do sth that they do not want to do
Syn: ↑compel
•~ sb into doing sth The President was forced into resigning.
•~ sb/yourself to do sth The President was forced to resign.
•I was forced to take a taxi because the last bus had left.
•She forced herself to be polite to them.
•~ sb into sth Ill health forced him into early retirement.
•~ sb He didn't force me— I wanted to go.
•~ yourself (informal, humorous)‘I shouldn't really have any more.’ ‘Go on— force yourself!’
•~ sth Public pressure managed to force a change in the government's position.

USE PHYSICAL STRENGTH
2. to use physical strength to move sb/sth into a particular position
•~ sth to force a lock/window/door (= to break it open using force)
•to force an entry (= to enter a building using force)
•~ sth + adv./prep. She forced her way through the crowd of reporters.
• He tried to force a copy of his book into my hand.
•~ sth + adj. The door had been forced open.

MAKE STH HAPPEN
3. to make sth happen, especially before other people are ready
•~ sth He was in a position where he had to force a decision.
•~ sth + adv./prep. Building a new road here will force house prices down.

A SMILE/LAUGH
4. ~ sth to make yourself smile, laugh, etc. rather than doing it naturally
•She managed to force a smile.

FRUIT/PLANTS
5. ~ sth to make fruit, plants, etc. grow or develop faster than normal by keeping them in special conditions
•forced rhubarb
• (figurative)It is unwise to force a child's talent.
more at force/thrust/ram sth down sb's throat at ↑throat
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French force (noun), forcer (verb), based on Latin fortis ‘strong’.

Thesaurus:
force verb
1. T, often passive
•The president was forced to resign.
make • • drive • |formal oblige • • compel • • impel •
force sb/be made/be obliged/drive sb/compel sb/impel sb to do sth
Force or make? Make is slightly more informal. It is usually a person who makes sb else do sth
•Mum made me eat all my cabbage.
Force often suggests threats, or a situation where there is no choice about what to do
•The hijackers forced the passengers to lie on the ground.
• The plane was forced to make an emergency landing.
2. T (often used with an adverb or preposition)
•He forced the lid of his suitcase shut.
•She forced her way through the crowds.
push • • ram • • drive • • shove • • barge • • shoulder • • elbow • |written thrust •
force/push/ram/drive/shove/barge/thrust sth into sth
force/push/drive/shove/thrust sth through sth
force/push/shove/thrust sb/sth away
force/push/shove/thrust sth open/shut
force/push/barge/shoulder/elbow your way through

Word Family:
force noun verb
forceful adjective
forcefully adverb
forced adjective (≠ unforced)
forcible adjective
forcibly adverb
enforce verb

Example Bank:
•After waiting for some minutes they decided to force the door.
•He didn't force me— I wanted to go.
•He forced the lid of his suitcase shut.
•I managed to force him backwards.
•Public pressure managed to force a change in the government's position.
•She forced her way through the crowds.
•Someone had tried to force an entry.
•We had to force the lock.