Tra từ race - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

race [race races raced racing] noun, verb BrE [reɪs] NAmE [reɪs]
noun

COMPETITION
1. countable ~ (between A and B) | ~ (against sb) a competition between people, animals, vehicles, etc. to see which one is the faster or fastest
•a race between the two best runners of the club
• Who won the race?
• He's already in training for the big race against Bailey.
•Their horse came third in the race last year.
•a boat/horse/road, etc. race
•a five-kilometre race
•Shall we have a race to the end of the beach?
see also ↑drag race, ↑horse race
2. singular a situation in which a number of people, groups, organizations, etc. are competing, especially for political power or to achieve sth first
•~ (for sth) the race for the presidency
•~ (to do sth) The race is on (= has begun) to find a cure for the disease.
see also ↑rat race

FOR HORSES
3. the racesplural a series of horse races that happen at one place on a particular day
•to go to the races

PEOPLE
4. countable, uncountable one of the main groups that humans can be divided into according to their physical differences, for example the colour of their skin
•the Caucasian/Mongolian, etc. race
•people of mixed race
• This custom is found in people of all races throughout the world.
•legislation against discrimination on the grounds of race or sex
5. countable a group of people who share the same language, history, culture, etc
•the Nordic races
• He admired Canadians as a hardy and determined race.
see also ↑human race

ANIMALS/PLANTS
6. countable a breed or type of animal or plant
•a race of cattle
more at a one, two, three, etc. horse race at ↑horse _n.

Word Origin:
n. senses 1 to 3 and v. late Old English Old Norse rás ‘current’ northern English ‘rapid forward movement’ ‘contest of speed’ ‘channel, path’ n. senses 4 to 6 early 16th cent. French Italian razza

Thesaurus:
race noun
1. C
•He took part in a 10-mile road race.
event • • contest • • competition •
a/an major/international race/event/contest/competition
hold/organize/enter/compete in/win a/an race/event/contest/competition
2. C, U
•This custom is found in people of all races throughout the world.
people • • ethnic group • • nationality • • clan • |sometimes offensive tribe •
a race/clan/tribe of sth
from a/an race/ethnic group/clan/tribe
between peoples/races/ethnic groups/nationalities/clans/tribes
belong to a/an race/ethnic group/nationality/clan/tribe

Collocations:
Race and immigration
Prejudice and racism
experience/encounter racism/discrimination/prejudice/anti-semitism
face/suffer persecution/discrimination
fear/escape from/flee racial/political/religious persecution
constitute/be a form of racial/race discrimination
reflect/reveal/show/have a racial/cultural bias
be biased/be prejudiced against (especially BrE) black people/(both especially NAmE) people of color/African Americans/Asians/Africans/Indians, etc.
discriminate against minority groups/minorities
perpetuate/conform to/fit/defy a common/popular/traditional/negative stereotype
overcome/be blinded by deep-seated/racial/(especially NAmE) race prejudice
entrench/perpetuate racist attitudes
hurl/shout (especially BrE) racist abuse; (especially NAmE) a racist/racial/ethnic slur
challenge/confront racism/discrimination/prejudice
combat/fight (against)/tackle blatant/overt/covert/subtle/institutional/systemic racism
Race and society
damage/improve (especially BrE) race relations
practise/ (especially US) practice (racial/religious) tolerance/segregation
bridge/break down/transcend cultural/racial barriers
encourage/promote social integration
outlaw/end discrimination/slavery/segregation
promote/embrace/celebrate cultural diversity
conform to/challenge/violate (accepted/established/prevailing/dominant) social/cultural norms
live in a multicultural society
attack/criticize multiculturalism
fight for/struggle for/promote racial equality
perpetuate/reinforce economic and social inequality
introduce/be for/be against (BrE) positive discrimination/(especially NAmE) affirmative action
support/be active in/play a leading role in the civil rights movement
Immigration
control/restrict/limit/encourage immigration
attract/draw a wave of immigrants
assist/welcome refugees
house/shelter refugees and asylum seekers
smuggle illegal immigrants into the UK
deport/repatriate illegal immigrants/failed asylum seekers
assimilate/integrate new immigrants
employ/hire migrant workers
exploit/rely on (cheap/illegal) immigrant labour/(especially US) labor
apply for/gain/obtain/be granted/be denied (full) citizenship
have/hold dual citizenship

Example Bank:
•Although there are five candidates, realistically it is a two-horse race.
•He dropped out of the race with a pulled muscle after two laps.
•He is lagging behind in the race for the presidency.
•He was paid $10 000 to throw the race.
•I get very nervous before a big race.
•I was leading the race until the half-way point.
•I'm not in this race.
•Immigration and race relations were key political issues at the time.
•Is she running in the big race on Saturday?
•Let's have a race!
•People are saying that the race was fixed.
•She had to pull out of the race at the last minute.
•She has won the race for the last five years.
•The Amazons were a race of female warriors.
•The disease is more common among European races.
•The horse was withdrawn from today's race meeting with an injured leg.
•The rival TV companies are in a race to bring out the first film drama of his life.
•There is a rumour that the race was fixed.
•There is no excuse for discrimination on the grounds of race.
•We can all work together, regardless of race.
•Who will win the race for the White House?
•a child of mixed race
•a race between the developing countries
•a race over 200 metres
•a race over two miles
•children from all races and religions
•discriminating against people on the grounds of race
•greater understanding between nations and races
•people of different races and cultures
•the University Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge
•the halting of the nuclear arms race
•the ideology of the master race
•the race against the Danish team
•the race for nuclear supremacy
•the race with their rivals
•Black and mixed race employees complained of harassment.
•Evidence suggests they were a race of nomadic hunters.
•He loves going to the races.
•He took part in a 10-mile road race at the weekend.
•He was injured in a fall at a US race meeting a fortnight ago.
•He won the 20th stage of the Tour of Spain cycle race yesterday.
•He's already in training for the big race against Bailey.
•Historically, we tend to view the Vikings as a warlike race.
•I bet I'd win a race between the two of us!
•It's a desperately close race, but I think Martinez is just ahead.
•It's very easy to get caught up in the rat race.
•Polls give him the edge over his Democratic rival in the race for the presidency.
•The Kenyan took the women's race comfortably.
•The novel is about a couple who get out of the rat race and buy a farm in France.
•The race is on to find a cure for this disease.
•There is legislation against discrimination on the grounds of race or sex.
•Two right-wing candidates lead the presidential race.
•We had a great day at the races.
•We need to halt the nuclear arms race between these countries.
Idiom: ↑race against the clock

verb

COMPETE
1. intransitive, transitive to compete against sb/sth to see who can go faster or the fastest, do sth first, etc; to take part in a race or races
•~ (against sb/sth) Who will he be racing against in the next round?
• They raced to a thrilling victory in the relay.
•She'll be racing for the senior team next year.
•~ sb/sth We raced each other back to the car.
•~ to do sth Television companies are racing to be the first to screen his life story.
2. transitive ~ sth to make an animal or a vehicle compete in a race
•to race dogs/horses/pigeons
•to race motorbikes

MOVE FAST
3. intransitive, transitive to move very fast; to move sb/sth very fast
•+ adv./prep. He raced up the stairs.
• The days seemed to race past.
•She raced through the work in no time at all.
•~ sb/sth + adv./prep. The injured man was raced to the hospital.
•She raced her car through the narrow streets of the town.

OF HEART/MIND/THOUGHTS
4. intransitive to function very quickly because you are afraid, excited, etc
•My mind raced as I tried to work out what was happening.
•She took a deep breath to calm her racing pulse.

OF ENGINE
5. intransitive to run too fast
•The truck came to rest against a tree, its engine racing.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
n. senses 1 to 3 and v. late Old English Old Norse rás ‘current’ northern English ‘rapid forward movement’ ‘contest of speed’ ‘channel, path’ n. senses 4 to 6 early 16th cent. French Italian razza

Thesaurus:
race verb I (always used with an adverb or preposition) (written)
•We all raced back to the camp.
run • • sprint • • tear • • charge • • gallop • • bound • • stampede •
race/run/sprint/charge/gallop/bound towards/after sb/sth
race/run/sprint/tear/gallop/bound off/along (sth)
race/run/tear/charge around/round

Example Bank:
•Farms and towns raced by.
•He raced madly up the stairs.
•Most of these movies have characters racing against the clock to save the day.
•She raced frantically to catch the train.
•Two boys suddenly came racing around the corner.
•After lunch, they would race down to the beach and dive into the sea.
•Peter raced ahead to be the first to tell his mother the news.
•She raced upstairs when she heard him cry out.
•We all raced back to the camp.