Tra từ proof - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

proof [proof proofs proofed proofing] noun, adjective, verb BrE [pruːf] NAmE [pruːf]
noun
1. uncountable, countable information, documents, etc. that show that sth is true
Syn: ↑evidence
•positive/conclusive proof
•~ of sth Can you provide any proof of identity?
• Keep the receipt as proof of purchase.
•These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability.
•~ that… There is no proof that the knife belonged to her.
2. uncountable the process of testing whether sth is true or a fact
•Is the claim capable of proof?
see also ↑burden of proof
3. countable (mathematics)a way of proving that a statement is true or that what you have calculated is correct
4. countable, usually plural a copy of printed material which is produced so that mistakes can be corrected
•She was checking the proofs of her latest novel.
5. uncountable a standard used to measure the strength of alcoholic drinks
more at be living proof of sth/that… at ↑living _adj.

Word Origin:
Middle English preve, from Old French proeve, from late Latin proba, from Latin probare ‘to test, prove’. The change of vowel in late Middle English was due to the influence of ↑prove. Current senses of the verb date from the late 19th cent.

Thesaurus:
proof noun U
•There is no proof that the knife belonged to her.
evidence • • support • • demonstration • |formal testimony •
proof/evidence/a demonstration/testimony that…
(a) clear/convincing proof/evidence/support/demonstration/testimony
provide/give proof/evidence/support/a demonstration/testimony
Proof or evidence? Evidence is what makes you believe that sth is true; proof shows that sth is true in a way that no one can argue against.

Example Bank:
•Have you got any positive proof that she took the money?
•He is unlikely to make wild accusations without proof.
•Her account gives us no concrete proof of his guilt.
•I am living proof that the treatment works.
•I have no real proof that he was at the flat.
•I have no real proof that he was in the country at the time.
•Proof of purchase must be provided before a refund can be made.
•The burden of proof lay on the plaintiff to prove negligence.
•The lungfish is living proof that fish could evolve to breathe on land.
•The men were acquitted for lack of proof.
•The photo was final proof of her husband's infidelity.
•We have proof positive that he is in hiding.
•Can you provide any proof of identity?
•Keep the receipt as proof of purchase.
•We need conclusive proof before we can take this matter to court.
Idiom: ↑proof of the pudding

adjective
1. ~ against sth (formal)that can resist the damaging or harmful effects of sth
•The sea wall was not proof against the strength of the waves.
2. (in compounds)that can resist or protect against the thing mentioned
•rainproof/windproof clothing
•The car has childproof locks on the rear doors.
•an inflation-proof pension plan

Word Origin:
Middle English preve, from Old French proeve, from late Latin proba, from Latin probare ‘to test, prove’. The change of vowel in late Middle English was due to the influence of ↑prove. Current senses of the verb date from the late 19th cent.

verb
1. ~ sth to put a special substance on sth, especially cloth, to protect it against water, fire, etc
•proofed canvas
2. ~ sth to produce a test copy of a piece of printed work so that mistakes can be corrected
•colour proofing
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English preve, from Old French proeve, from late Latin proba, from Latin probare ‘to test, prove’. The change of vowel in late Middle English was due to the influence of ↑prove. Current senses of the verb date from the late 19th cent.