Tra từ present - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

pres·ent [present presents presented presenting] adjective, noun, verb
adjective BrE [ˈpreznt] ; NAmE [ˈpreznt]
1. only before noun existing or happening now
•in the present situation
•the present owner of the house
•a list of all club members, past and present
• We do not have any more information at the present time.
• A few brief comments are sufficient for present purposes.
•You can't use it in its present condition.
see also ↑present day
2. not before noun ~ (at sth) (of a person)being in a particular place
• Most fathers wish to be present at the birth of their child.
• There were 200 people present at the meeting.
•The mistake was obvious to all those present.
•I wasn't present when the doctor examined him.
Opp: ↑absent
3. not before noun ~ (in sth) (of a thing or a substance)existing in a particular place or thing
• Levels of pollution present in the atmosphere are increasing.
• Analysis showed that traces of arsenic were present in the body.
Opp: ↑absent

Word Origin:
adj. and n. senses 2 to 3 Middle English Old French Latin praesent- ‘being at hand’ praeesse prae ‘before’ esse ‘be’ v. Middle English Old French presenter Latin praesentare ‘place before’ medieval Latin ‘present as a gift’ praesent- ‘being at hand’ praeesse prae ‘before’ esse ‘be’ n. sense 1 Middle English Old French mettre une chose en present à quelqu'un ‘put a thing into the presence of a person’

Thesaurus:
present adj. usually before noun
•The present owner of the house is a Mr T Grant.
current • • latest • • immediate • • present-day • • contemporary •
Opp: past
the present/current/latest/immediate/present-day/contemporary situation
the present/current climate
present/current/immediate needs

Which Word?:
actual / current / present
Actual does not mean current or present. It means ‘real’ or ‘exact’, and is often used in contrast with something that is not seen as real or exact: ▪ I need the actual figures, not an estimate.
Present means ‘existing or happening now’: ▪ How long have you been in your present job?
Current also means ‘existing or happening now’, but can suggest that the situation is temporary: ▪ The factory cannot continue its current level of production.
Actually does not mean ‘at the present time’. Use currently, at present or at the moment instead.
note at ↑presently

Example Bank:
•Simply to be physically present was all that was required.
•a list of all club members, past and present
•the ever present risk of pollution
•A few brief comments are sufficient for present purposes.
•The present owner of the house is a Mr T. Grant.
•We do not have any more information at the present time.
•We must move cautiously in the present situation.
•You can't use it in its present condition.
Idioms: ↑all present and correct ▪ ↑present arms ▪ ↑present company excepted

noun BrE [ˈpreznt] ; NAmE [ˈpreznt]
1. a thing that you give to sb as a gift
•birthday/Christmas/wedding, etc. presents
• What can I get him for a birthday present?
2. (usually the present)singular the time now
• You've got to forget the past and start living in the present.
• I'm sorry he's out at present (= now).
3. the presentsingular (grammar) = ↑present tense
see for the moment/present at ↑moment, (there is) no time like the present at ↑time _n.

Word Origin:
adj. and n. senses 2 to 3 Middle English Old French Latin praesent- ‘being at hand’ praeesse prae ‘before’ esse ‘be’ v. Middle English Old French presenter Latin praesentare ‘place before’ medieval Latin ‘present as a gift’ praesent- ‘being at hand’ praeesse prae ‘before’ esse ‘be’ n. sense 1 Middle English Old French mettre une chose en present à quelqu'un ‘put a thing into the presence of a person’

Thesaurus:
present noun C
•a birthday present
gift • • donation • • contribution • • tip • |formal gratuity • |often disapproving handout •
a present/gift/donation/contribution/tip/gratuity/handout for/from sb
present/gift/donation/contribution to sb/sth
give (sb) a present/gift/donation/tip
Present or gift? Especially in British English gift is more formal than present and is used more in business contexts. A present is usually an object but a gift may be a sum of money, or sth such as the gift of love/life.

Example Bank:
•At Christmas, family and friends exchange presents.
•Customers may return unwanted presents in exchange for vouchers.
•It's a present to us all from Granny.
•My nephew loves this bike so I'm going to make him a present of it.
•Santa Claus handed out presents to the children.
•a present for my daughter
•Have you bought any Christmas presents yet?
•The watch was a gift/present from my mother.

verb BrE [prɪˈzent] ; NAmE [prɪˈzent]

GIVE
1. to give sth to sb, especially formally at a ceremony
•~ sth The local MP will start the race and present the prizes.
•~ sb with sth On his retirement, colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs.
•~ sth to sb The sword was presented by the family to the museum.

STH TO BE CONSIDERED
2. to show or offer sth for other people to look at or consider
•~ sth (to sb) The committee will present its final report to Parliament in June.
•~ sth (for sth) Eight options were presented for consideration.
•Are you presenting a paper at the conference?
•He presents a convincing case.
•The banks will begin to present their arguments today.

STH IN PARTICULAR WAY
3. to show or describe sth/sb in a particular way
•~ sth The company has decided it must present a more modern image.
• It is essential that we present a united front (= show that we all agree).
•~ yourself + adv./prep. You need to present yourself better.
•~ sth/sb/yourself as sth He likes to present himself as a radical politician.
•The press presents this as a kind of victory.
•The article presents these proposals as misguided.

SB WITH PROBLEM
4. to cause sth to happen or be experienced
•~ sb with sth Your request shouldn't present us with any problems.
•~ sth Use of these chemicals may present a fire risk.
•Irradiation presents environmental dangers.

ITSELF
5. (of an opportunity, a solution, etc.)to suddenly happen or become available
Syn: ↑arise
•~ itself One major problem did present itself, though.
•As soon as the opportunity presented itself, she would get another job.
•~ itself to sb Thankfully, a solution presented itself to him surprisingly soon.

RADIO/TV PROGRAMME
6. ~ sth (BrE)to appear in a radio or television programme and introduce the different items in it
• She used to present a gardening programme on TV.

PLAY/BROADCAST
7. ~ sth to produce a show, play, broadcast, etc. for the public
• Compass Theatre Company presents a new production of ‘King Lear’.
• The string orchestra of the Music School of Lemgo will present a concert in the Guildhall.

INTRODUCE SB
8. ~ sb (to sb) (formal)to introduce sb formally, especially to sb of higher rank or status
•May I present my fiancé to you?

YOURSELF
9. ~ yourself at, for, in, etc. (formal)to officially appear somewhere
•You will be asked to present yourself for interview.
•She was ordered to present herself in court on 20 May.

EXPRESS STH
10. ~ sth (to sb) (formal)to offer or express sth in speech or writing
• Please allow me to present my apologies.

CHEQUE/BILL
11. ~ sth to give sb a cheque or bill that they should pay
• A cheque presented by Mr Jackson was returned by the bank.
•The builders presented a bill for several hundred pounds.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
adj. and n. senses 2 to 3 Middle English Old French Latin praesent- ‘being at hand’ praeesse prae ‘before’ esse ‘be’ v. Middle English Old French presenter Latin praesentare ‘place before’ medieval Latin ‘present as a gift’ praesent- ‘being at hand’ praeesse prae ‘before’ esse ‘be’ n. sense 1 Middle English Old French mettre une chose en present à quelqu'un ‘put a thing into the presence of a person’

Thesaurus:
present verb
1. T
•The local MP presented the prizes to the winners.
give • • award • • transfer • |formal confer • • bestow •
present/give/award/transfer sth to sb
present/give/bestow gifts/an award
present/give/award a prize
2. T
•They are going to present the new model at the trade fair.
show • • display • • produce • • launch • |journalism unveil •
present/show/display/launch/unveil a new product/model
present/show/display your wares
present/show/unveil plans
3. T
•Eight options were presented to the president for her consideration.
submit • • hand sth in • • send sth in • • put sth in • • file • |BrE table • |formal lodge • • register •
present/submit/hand in/send in/put in sth to sb
present/send in/put in/file/submit/lodge/register an application
present/submit/put in/file/lodge/register a claim/complaint
present/submit/table a bill/motion/resolution
4. T (not usually used in the progressive tenses)
•The company wants to present a more modern image.
show • • portray • |formal depict • • represent •
present/show/portray/depict/represent sb/sth as sth
present/show/portray/depict/represent sb/sth accurately
5. T (BrE)
•She used to present a gardening show on TV.
host • |especially spoken introduce •
present/host/introduce a programme/show
6. T (written)
•Compass Theatre Company presents a new production of ‘King Lear’.
put sth on • • produce • • perform • • act • |especially spoken do • |written stage •
present/put on/produce/perform/act in/do/stage a play/show
present/put on/do/stage a/an performance/concert/exhibition
a company presents/puts on/produces/does/stages a play/show
Present, put sth on or stage? You can present, put on or stage a live performance, show, play, concert or exhibition. You can present, but not stage or put on, a film or recorded programme. Put sth on is used especially to talk about amateur (= not professional) performances.

Example Bank:
•He presented the information to his colleagues.
•Hotel brochures are designed to present the most attractive aspects of the hotel.
•The arguments were well researched and clearly presented.
•The launch is to be formally presented to trade partners in early summer.
•The papers are only briefly presented here.
•The results are presented graphically in Figure 2.
•The results can be presented visually in the form of a graph.
•These two techniques are presented for illustration only.
•This book fails to present her story in a coherent manner.
•We have tried to present both sides of the debate.
•I aim to tell the truth, present a product fairly, and please both the advertiser and the purchaser.
•She used to present a gardening show on TV.
•The string orchestra of the Music School of Lemgo will present a concert in the Guildhall.
•They are going to present the new model at the trade fair.
•We plan to present the film uncensored and without commercial breaks.

See also: ↑all present and accounted for