Tra từ mess - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

mess [mess messes messed messing] noun, verb BrE [mes] NAmE [mes]
noun

UNTIDY STATE
1. countable, usually singular a dirty or untidy state
• The room was in a mess.
• The kids made a mess in the bathroom.
•‘ What a mess!’ she said, surveying the scene after the party.
•My hair's a real mess!

DIFFICULT SITUATION
2. countable, usually singular a situation that is full of problems, usually because of a lack of organization or because of mistakes that sb has made
• The economy is in a mess.
• I feel I've made a mess of things.
•The whole situation is a mess.
•Let's try to sort out the mess.
•The biggest question is how they got into this mess in the first place.
• (ironic)That's another fine mess you've got us into.

PERSON
3. singular a person who is dirty or whose clothes and hair are not tidy
•You're a mess!
4. singular (informal)a person who has serious problems and is in a bad mental condition
•When my wife left me I was a total mess.

ANIMAL WASTE
5. uncountable, countable (informal)the ↑excrement (= solid waste matter) of an animal, usually a dog or cat

A LOT
6. singular a ~ of sth (NAmE, informal)a lot of sth
•There's a mess of fish down there, so get your lines in the water.

ARMED FORCES
7. countable (also ˈmess hall especially in NAmE)a building or room in which members of the armed forces have their meals
•the officers' mess

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French mes ‘portion of food’, from late Latin missum ‘something put on the table’, past participle of mittere ‘send, put’. The original sense was ‘a serving of (semi-liquid) food’, later ‘liquid food for an animal’; this gave rise (early 19th cent.) to the senses ‘unappetizing concoction’ and ‘predicament’, on which senses 1, 3 and 4 are based. In late Middle English the term also denoted any of the small groups into which the company at a banquet was divided (who were served from the same dishes); hence, ‘a group who regularly eat together’ (recorded in military use from the mid 16th cent.).

Thesaurus:
mess noun
1. C, usually sing.
•The room was in a mess.
muddle • • jumble • • clutter • |formal disorder •
a mess/muddle/jumble/clutter of sth
in (a) mess/muddle/jumble/disorder
be a mess/muddle/jumble
2. C, usually sing.
•The economy is in a mess.
chaos • • confusion • • straits • • predicament • • plight • |informal shambles •
in (a) mess/chaos/confusion/…straits/predicament/plight/shambles
(a) financial mess/straits/predicament/plight
(a) complete/total mess/chaos/confusion/shambles
cause/create (a) mess/chaos/confusion

Example Bank:
•He's been an emotional mess since his girlfriend left him.
•Her hair was a tangled mess.
•I felt a mess.
•I got myself into a complete mess.
•I have to try to fix the mess you caused.
•I'm in a huge mess. I don't know what to do.
•I've really made a mess of things!
•Must you always leave such a mess?
•My life's becoming a big mess.
•She felt she was making a terrible mess of her life.
•She searched through the mess of papers on her desk.
•Soon both fighters were a bloody mess of flying punches.
•That was what caused this whole mess in the first place.
•The kitchen's in an awful mess.
•The plot is an incoherent mess.
•The whole situation is a giant mess.
•There was a soggy mess of porridge on the table.
•We found ourselves in a real mess.
•Who got us into this mess in the first place?
•Why don't you clean up this disgusting mess?
•You started this entire mess!
•‘ What a mess!’ she said, surveying the scene after the party.
•A new managing director has been appointed to clear up the financial mess.
•How do we get out of this mess?
•I spent hours clearing up the mess.
•Let's try to sort out the mess.
•My hair's a real mess!
•Sorry, this place is a bit of a mess.
•The economy is in a mess.
•The room was in a mess.
•There is still a way out of this economic mess.
•There was a tangled mess of wires under her desk.
•They've left the most terrible mess in their bedrooms.
Idioms: ↑no messing ▪ ↑not mess around
Derived: ↑mess around ▪ ↑mess around with somebody ▪ ↑mess around with something ▪ ↑mess somebody about ▪ ↑mess somebody up ▪ ↑mess something up ▪ ↑mess up ▪ ↑mess with somebody

verb

MAKE UNTIDY
1. transitive ~ sth (informal, especially NAmE)to make sth dirty or untidy
•Careful— you're messing my hair.

OF AN ANIMAL
2. intransitive to empty its ↑bowels somewhere that it should not
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French mes ‘portion of food’, from late Latin missum ‘something put on the table’, past participle of mittere ‘send, put’. The original sense was ‘a serving of (semi-liquid) food’, later ‘liquid food for an animal’; this gave rise (early 19th cent.) to the senses ‘unappetizing concoction’ and ‘predicament’, on which senses 1, 3 and 4 are based. In late Middle English the term also denoted any of the small groups into which the company at a banquet was divided (who were served from the same dishes); hence, ‘a group who regularly eat together’ (recorded in military use from the mid 16th cent.).

See also: ↑mess about ▪ ↑mess about with somebody ▪ ↑mess about with something ▪ ↑not mess about