Tra từ know - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

know [know knows knew knowing known] verb, noun BrE [nəʊ] NAmE [noʊ]
verb (knewBrE [njuː] ; NAmE [nuː] knownBrE [nəʊn] ; NAmE [noʊn] )(not used in the progressive tenses)

HAVE INFORMATION
1. transitive, intransitive to have information in your mind as a result of experience or because you have learned or been told it
•~ sth Do you know his address?
• The cause of the fire is not yet known.
•All I know is that she used to work in a bank (= I have no other information about her).
•~ (that)… I know (that) people's handwriting changes as they get older.
•it is known that… It is widely known that CFCs can damage the ozone layer.
•~ where, what, etc… I knew where he was hiding.
•I didn't know what he was talking about.
•~ (of/about sth) ‘You've got a flat tyre.’ ‘I know.’
•‘What's the answer?’ ‘I don't know.’
•‘There's no one in.’ ‘ How do you know? ’
•You know about Amanda's baby, don't you?
•I don't know about you, but I'm ready for something to eat.
•I know of at least two people who did the same thing.
•‘Is anyone else coming?’ ‘ Not that I know of. ’
•‘Isn't that his car?’ ‘ I wouldn't know./How should I know? ’ (= I don't know and I am not the person you should ask.)
• (informal)‘What are you two whispering about?’ ‘ You don't want to know ’ (= because you would be shocked or wouldn't approve).
•~ to do sth Does he know to come here (= that he should come here) first?
•~ sb/sth to be/do sth We know her to be honest.
•Two women are known to have died.
see also ↑need-to-know

REALIZE
2. transitive, intransitive to realize, understand or be aware of sth
•~ (that)… As soon as I walked in the room I knew (that) something was wrong.
• She knew she was dying.
•~ what, how, etc… I knew perfectly well what she meant.
•I know exactly how you feel.
•~ (sth) This case is hopeless and he knows it (= although he will not admit it).
•‘Martin was lying all the time.’ ‘ I should have known.’

FEEL CERTAIN
3. transitive, intransitive to feel certain about sth
•~ (that)… He knew (that) he could trust her.
• I know it's here somewhere!
• I know things will turn out all right.
•I don't know that I can finish it by next week.
•I just knew that it was something I wanted to do.
•~ (sth) ‘You were right— someone's been spreading rumours about you.’ ‘I knew it!’
•‘She's the worst player in the team.’ ‘Oh, I don't know (= I am not sure that I agree) — she played well yesterday.’
see also ↑don't-know

BE FAMILIAR
4. transitive ~ sb/sth to be familiar with a person, place, thing, etc
• I've known David for 20 years.
• Do you two know each other (= have you met before)?
•She was a secretary when I first knew her.
•She's very nice when you get to know her.
•Knowing Ben, we could be waiting a long time (= it is typical of him to be late).
•This man is known to the police (= as a criminal).
•I don't know anyone in Oxford.
•I know Paris well.
•Do you know the play (= have you seen or read it before)?
•The new rules could mean the end of football as we know it (= in the form that we are familiar with).

REPUTATION
5. transitive, usually passive to think that sb/sth is a particular type of person or thing or has particular characteristics
•~ sb/sth as sth It's known as the most dangerous part of the city.
•~ sb/sth for sth She is best known for her work on the human brain.
•~ sb/sth to be/do sth He's known to be an outstanding physicist.

GIVE NAME
6. transitive ~ sb/sth as sth usually passive to give sb/sth a particular name or title
• The drug is commonly known as Ecstasy.
• Peter Wilson, also known as ‘the Tiger’

RECOGNIZE
7. transitive ~ sb/sth to be able to recognize sb/sth
• I couldn't see who was speaking, but I knew the voice.
• She knows a bargain when she sees one.

DISTINGUISH
8. transitive ~ sb/sth from sb/sth to be able to distinguish one person or thing from another
Syn: ↑differentiate
•I hope we have taught our children to know right from wrong.

SKILL/LANGUAGE
9. transitive to have learned a skill or language and be able to use it
•~ sth Do you know any Japanese?
•~ how, what, etc… Do you know how to use spreadsheets?

EXPERIENCE
10. transitive (only used in the perfect tenses)to have seen, heard or experienced sth
•~ sb/sth (to) do sth I've never known it (to) snow in July before.
•be known to do sth He has been known to spend all morning in the bathroom.
11. transitive ~ sth to have personal experience of sth
•He has known both poverty and wealth.
•She may be successful now, but she has known what it is like to be poor.
more at have/know all the answers at ↑answer _n., know/learn/find sth to your own cost at ↑cost _n., have seen/known better days at ↑day, better the devil you know (than the devil you don't) at ↑devil, as far as I know at ↑far _adv., Lord knowsLord (only) knows (what, where, why etc.) at ↑lord _n., old enough to know better at ↑old, have/know sth off pat at ↑pat _adv., show sb/know/learn the ropes at ↑rope _n., know/tell sb a thing or two (about sb/sth)not know, etc. the first thing about sb/sth at ↑thing, if (the) truth be known/told at ↑truth
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Old English cnāwan (earlier gecnāwan) ‘recognize, identify’, of Germanic origin; from an Indo-European root shared by Latin (g)noscere, Greek gignōskein, also by ↑can and ↑ken.

Thesaurus:
know verb
1. T (not used in the progressive tenses)
•I know exactly how you feel.
realize • • appreciate •
without knowing/realizing/appreciating sth
know/realize/appreciate that…
know/realize/appreciate what/how/why…
Know or realize? To realize means to become or be aware of sth. To know sth is to be aware of it: know can mean ‘become aware’ if it happens in a single moment; however, if the process of becoming aware takes any time, use realize:
•The moment I walked in the room I realized/knew something was wrong.
• I soon/quickly/gradually realized my mistake.
✗ I soon/quickly/gradually knew my mistake.
2. T, I
•I know my keys are here somewhere!
guarantee • |spoken bet •
know/guarantee/bet that…
you can guarantee/bet (that…)

Synonyms:
identify
know • recognize • name • make sb/sth out
These words all mean to be able to see or hear sb/sth and especially to be able to say who or what they are.
identify • to be able to say who or what sb/sth is: ▪ She was able to identify her attacker.
know • to be able to say who or what sth is when you see or hear it because you have seen or heard it before Know is used especially to talk about sounds that seem familiar and when sb recognizes the quality or opportunity that sb/sth represents: ▪ I couldn't see who was speaking, but I knew the voice. ◇ ▪ She knows a bargain when she sees one.
recognize • to know who sb is or what sth is when you see or hear them/it, because you have seen or heard them/it before: ▪ I recognized him as soon as he came in the room.
name • to say the name of sb/sth in order to show that you know who/what they are: ▪ The victim has not yet been named.
make sb/sth out • to manage to see or hear sb/sth that is not very clear: ▪ I could just make out a figure in the darkness.
to identify/know/recognize sb/sth by sth
to identify/recognize/name sb/sth as sb/sth
to identify/know/recognize/make out who/what/how…
to easily/barely/just identify/recognize/make out sb/sth

Example Bank:
•But I hardly know the woman!
•He is internationally known for his work with vaccines.
•He knew instinctively where he would find her.
•He knows a lot about early music.
•He was known as Bonzo to his friends.
•I don't know John very well.
•I don't know for certain, but I think she lives in the next town.
•I don't know of anyone who might be interested in the job.
•I don't know them personally.
•I honestly don't know what they mean to do.
•I instantly knew what the call was about.
•I just knew there would be problems.
•If I'd known beforehand how bad it would be, I wouldn't have gone.
•Iran was formerly known as Persia.
•It is widely known that CFCs can damage the ozone layer.
•Please let me know if there's anything I can do to help.
•Please let me know= tell me if there's anything I can do to help.
•She's very nice when you get to know her
•The drug is variously known as crack or freebase.
•The next thing I knew, I was waking up in hospital.
•The properties of this substance are poorly known.
•This man is known to the police.
•Xinjiang was formerly known as eastern Turkestan.
•You know very well what I'm talking about!
•parts of the body known collectively as the sensory system
•‘He's feeling really down.’ ‘ I know.’
•‘Martin was lying all along.’ ‘I should have known.’
•‘She's the worst player in the team.’ ‘Oh, I don't know — she played well yesterday.’
•‘You were right— someone's been spreading rumours about you.’ ‘ I knew it!’
•He knew he was dying.
•He knew that he could trust her.
•He knows this city better than anyone.
•I couldn't see who was speaking, but I knew the voice.
•I don't know that I can finish it by next week.
•I know it's here somewhere!
•If only we'd known you were having so many problems!
•If you don't know how to fill in the forms, just ask.
•She knew deep down that she would never see him again.
•She thought she would never know the joy of seeing a child grow up in her care.
•This case is hopeless and he knows it.
•You know perfectly well what she meant.
Idioms: ↑God knows ▪ ↑I don't know how, why, etc … ▪ ↑I know ▪ ↑before you know where you are ▪ for all you/I/they know ▪ ↑in the know ▪ ↑know best ▪ ↑know better ▪ ↑know different ▪ ↑know full well ▪ ↑know somebody backwards ▪ ↑know somebody by sight ▪ ↑know somebody inside out ▪ ↑know somebody like the back of your hand ▪ ↑know something as well as I do ▪ ↑know what you're talking about ▪ ↑know which side your bread is buttered ▪ ↑know your own mind ▪ ↑know your stuff ▪ ↑know your way around ▪ ↑let it be make it known that … ▪ ↑let somebody know ▪ ↑make yourself known to somebody ▪ ↑not know any better ▪ ↑not know beans about something ▪ ↑not know somebody from Adam ▪ ↑not know the first thing about somebody ▪ ↑not know what hit you ▪ ↑not know where to look ▪ ↑not know whether you're coming or going ▪ ↑not know you are born ▪ ↑not know your arse from your elbow ▪ ↑not to know ▪ ↑there's no knowing ▪ ↑what do you know? ▪ ↑what does … know? ▪ ↑you know ▪ ↑you know what? ▪ ↑you know who ▪ ↑you never know

noun

Word Origin:
Old English cnāwan (earlier gecnāwan) ‘recognize, identify’, of Germanic origin; from an Indo-European root shared by Latin (g)noscere, Greek gignōskein, also by ↑can and ↑ken.