Tra từ ill - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

ill [ill ills] adjective, adverb, noun BrE [ɪl] NAmE [ɪl]
adjective
1. (especially BrE) (NAmE usually sick)not usually before noun suffering from an illness or disease; not feeling well
• Her father is seriously ill in St Luke's hospital.
• She was taken ill suddenly.
•We both started to feel ill shortly after the meal.
•Uncle Harry is terminally ill with cancer (= he will die from his illness).
•the mentally ill (= people with a mental illness)
• (formal)He fell ill and died soon after.
see also ↑illness
2. usually before noun bad or harmful
• He resigned because of ill health (= he was often ill).
• She suffered no ill effects from the experience.
•a woman of ill repute (= considered to be immoral)
3. (formal)that brings, or is thought to bring, bad luck
•a bird of ill omen
more at bad/ill feeling at ↑feeling

Word Origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘wicked’, ‘malevolent’, ‘harmful’, and ‘difficult’): from Old Norse illr ‘evil, difficult’, of unknown origin.

Thesaurus:
ill adj. (especially BrE)
•Her son is seriously ill in hospital.
sick • • not (very) well • • unwell • • sickly • • unhealthy • |especially spoken bad • |formal ailing •
Opp: well
ill/sick/unwell with flu, a fever, etc
seriously ill/sick/sickly/unhealthy children
feel ill/not (very) well/unwell/bad
become/get/fall ill/sick
Ill or sick? In British English the usual word is ill, unless you are taking time off work because of illness:
•Ellie is off sick/called in sick today.
✗ Ellie is off ill/called in ill today. In American English the usual word is sick; ill is only used about very serious illnesses.

Collocations:
Illnesses
Becoming ill
catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/(BrE) flu/pneumonia/a virus/(informal) a bug
get (BrE) ill/(NAmE) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine
come down with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu
contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS
be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV
develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis
have a heart attack/a stroke
provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction
block/burst/rupture a blood vessel
damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon
Being ill
feel (BrE) ill/sick/nauseous/queasy
be running (BrE) a temperature/(NAmE) a fever
have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/(BrE) a high temperature/(NAmE) a fever
suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder
be laid up with/ (BrE) be in bed with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine
nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover
battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism
Treatments
examine a patient
diagnose a condition/disease/disorder
be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia
prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics
treat sb for cancer/depression/shock
have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer
have/be given an injection/(BrE) a flu jab/(NAmE) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray
cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient
prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs
be vaccinated against the flu/(BrE) flu/the measles/(BrE) measles/polio/smallpox
enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease

Example Bank:
•He was lying ill in bed.
•His mother is seriously ill in hospital.
•I can't eat bananas. They make me ill.
•Robyn was almost ill with excitement and outrage.
•She was taken violently ill and had to be put to bed.
•That type of government corruption makes me ill.
•They arrive at the hospital ill from malnutrition.
•a hospice for the terminally ill
•chronically ill patients
•the problems faced by mentally ill people
•He resigned because of ill health.
•Her father is seriously ill in St Luke's hospital.
•I bear you no ill will, but I am simply not in a position to help you.
•She was known as a woman of ill repute.
•Uncle Harry is terminally ill with cancer.
•terminally ill children
Idioms: ↑ill at ease ▪ ↑it's an ill wind ▪ ↑speak ill of somebody

adverb
1. (especially in compounds)badly or in an unpleasant way
•The animals had been grossly ill-treated.
2. (formal)badly; not in an acceptable way
•They live in an area ill served by public transport.
3. (formal)only with difficulty
•We're wasting valuable time, time we can ill afford.
•I can ill afford the time or the money for a holiday.

Word Origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘wicked’, ‘malevolent’, ‘harmful’, and ‘difficult’): from Old Norse illr ‘evil, difficult’, of unknown origin.

noun
1. usually plural (formal)a problem or harmful thing; an illness
•social/economic ills
•the ills of the modern world
2. uncountable (literary)harm; bad luck
•I may not like him, but I wish him no ill.

Word Origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘wicked’, ‘malevolent’, ‘harmful’, and ‘difficult’): from Old Norse illr ‘evil, difficult’, of unknown origin.

See also: ↑sick