Tra từ grind - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

grind [grind grinds ground grinding] verb, noun BrE [ɡraɪnd] NAmE [ɡraɪnd]
verb (ground, groundBrE [ɡraʊnd] ; NAmE [ɡraʊnd] )

FOOD/FLOUR/COFFEE
1. transitive ~ sth (down/up) | ~ sth (to/into sth) to break or crush sth into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using a special machine
•to grind coffee/corn
•The animal has teeth that grind its food into a pulp.
see also ↑ground _adj.
2. transitive ~ sth to produce sth such as flour by crushing
•The flour is ground using traditional methods.
3. transitive ~ sth (NAmE) = ↑mince

MAKE SHARP/SMOOTH
4. transitive ~ sth to make sth sharp or smooth by rubbing it against a hard surface
•a special stone for grinding knives

PRESS INTO SURFACE
5. transitive to press or rub sth into a surface
•~ sth into sth He ground his cigarette into the ashtray.
•~ sth in The dirt on her hands was ground in.

RUB TOGETHER
6. intransitive, transitive to rub together, or to make hard objects rub together, often producing an unpleasant noise
•~ (together) Parts of the machine were grinding together noisily.
•~ sth (together) She grinds her teeth when she is asleep.
•He ground the gears on the car.

MACHINE
7. transitive ~ sth to turn the handle of a machine that ↑grinds sth
•to grind a pepper mill
more at have an axe to grind at ↑axe _n.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Old English grindan, probably of Germanic origin. Although no cognates are known, it may be distantly related to Latin frendere ‘rub away, gnash’.

Example Bank:
•The cement need not be finely ground.
•The coffee is ground to a fine powder.
•freshly ground black pepper
•machinery for grinding wheat into flour
Idioms: ↑bring something to a grinding halt ▪ ↑come to a grinding halt ▪ ↑grind to a halt
Derived: ↑grind on ▪ ↑grind somebody down ▪ ↑grind something out

noun

BORING ACTIVITY
1. singular (informal)an activity that is tiring or boring and takes a lot of time
•the daily grind of family life
•It's a long grind to the top of that particular profession.

OF MACHINES
2. singular the unpleasant noise made by machines

SWOT
3. (US) (BrE swot)countable (informal)a person who spends too much time studying

Word Origin:
Old English grindan, probably of Germanic origin. Although no cognates are known, it may be distantly related to Latin frendere ‘rub away, gnash’.

See also: ↑swot