Tra từ direct - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

dir·ect [direct directs directed directing] adjective, verb, adverb BrE [dəˈrekt] NAmE [dəˈrekt] BrE [dɪˈrekt] NAmE [dɪˈrekt] BrE [daɪˈrekt] NAmE [daɪˈrekt]
adjective

NOBODY/NOTHING IN BETWEEN
1. usually before noun happening or done without involving other people, actions, etc. in between
• They are in direct contact with the hijackers.
• His death was a direct result of your action.
•She has direct responsibility for all new trainees.
•We are looking for somebody with direct experience of this type of work.
•This information has a direct bearing on (= it is closely connected with) the case.
•They see a direct link between the money supply and prices.
Opp: ↑indirect

JOURNEY/ROUTE
2. going in the straightest line between two places without stopping or changing direction
•the most direct route/course
•a direct flight (= a flight that does not stop)
• There's a direct train to Leeds (= it may stop at other stations but you do not have to change trains).
•a direct hit (= a hit that is accurate and does not touch sth else first)
Opp: ↑indirect

HEAT/LIGHT
3. only before noun with nothing between sth and the source of the heat or light
• Protect your child from direct sunlight by using a sunscreen.

SAYING WHAT YOU MEAN
4. saying exactly what you mean in a way that nobody can pretend not to understand
•a direct answer/question
• You'll have to get used to his direct manner.
• She has a very direct way of speaking.
•I prefer a more direct approach.
Opp: ↑indirect

EXACT
5. only before noun exact
• That's the direct opposite of what you told me yesterday.
•a direct quote (= one using a person's exact words)

RELATIONSHIP
6. only before noun related through parents and children rather than brothers, sisters, aunts, etc
•a direct descendant of the country's first president
•With his death, the direct male line of the House of Capet came to an end.
Opp: ↑indirect

Word Origin:
late Middle English: from Latin directus, past participle of dirigere, from di- ‘distinctly’ or de- ‘down’ + regere ‘put straight’.

Thesaurus:
direct adj.
•You'll have to get used to his direct manner.
blunt • • forthright • • outspoken • |often approving frank • • open • • honest • • straight • • straightforward • |formal unequivocal •
Opp: indirect
direct/forthright/outspoken/frank/open/honeststraight/straightforward/unequivocal about sth
direct/blunt/frank/open/honest/straight/straightforward with sb
a/an direct/blunt/honest/straight/unequivocal answer
a direct/blunt/forthright/frank manner

Synonyms:
honest
frank • direct • open • outspoken • straight • blunt
These words all describe people saying exactly what they mean without trying to hide feelings, opinions or facts.
honest • not hiding the truth about sth: ▪ Thank you for being so honest with me.
frank • honest in what you say, sometimes in a way that other people might not like: ▪ To be frank with you, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam.
direct • saying exactly what you mean in a way that nobody can pretend not to understand: ▪ You'll have to get used to his direct manner.
Being direct is sometimes considered positive but sometimes it is used as a ‘polite’ way of saying that sb is rude.
open • (approving) (of a person) not keeping thoughts and feelings hidden: ▪ He was quite open about his reasons for leaving.
outspoken • saying exactly what you think, even if this shocks or offends people: ▪ She was outspoken in her criticism of the plan.
straight • honest and direct: ▪ I don't think you're being straight with me.
blunt • saying exactly what you think without trying to be polite: ▪ She has a reputation for blunt speaking.
which word?
Honest and frank refer to what you say as much as how you say it: ▪ a(n) honest/frank admission of guilt. They are generally positive words, although it is possible to be too frank in a way that other people might not like. Direct, outspoken and blunt all describe sb's manner of saying what they think. Outspoken suggests that you are willing to shock people by saying what you believe to be right. Blunt and direct often suggest that you think honesty is more important than being polite. Open is positive and describes sb's character: ▪ I'm a very open person.
honest/frank/direct/open/outspoken/straight about sth
honest/frank/direct/open/straight/blunt with sb
a(n) honest/direct/straight/blunt answer
a frank/direct/blunt manner

Example Bank:
•Her manner can be rather direct.
•The album is her most emotionally direct work to date.
•a refreshingly direct discussion of the agency's priorities
•his disconcertingly direct gaze
•I need a direct answer to a direct question.
•You'll have to get used to his direct manner.

verb

AIM
1. transitive to aim sth in a particular direction or at a particular person
•~ sth at sth/sb The machine directs a powerful beam at the affected part of the body.
• Was that remark directed at me?
•~ sth to/towards sth/sb There are three main issues that we need to direct our attention to.
•~ sth against sth/sb Most of his anger was directed against himself.

CONTROL
2. transitive ~ sb/sth to control or be in charge of sb/sth
• A new manager has been appointed to direct the project.
• He was asked to take command and direct operations.

MOVIE/PLAY/MUSIC
3. intransitive, transitive to be in charge of actors in a play, or a film/movie, or musicians in an ↑orchestra, etc
• She prefers to act rather than direct.
•~ sb/sth The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg.
•She now directs a large choir.

SHOW THE WAY
4. transitive ~ sb (to…) to tell or show sb how to get to somewhere or where to go
• Could you direct me to the station?
• A police officer was directing the traffic.
•He was directed to a table beside the window.

GIVE ORDER
5. transitive (formal)to give an official order
Syn: ↑order
•~ sb to do sth The police officers had been directed to search the building.
•~ that… The judge directed that the mother be given custody of the children.
• (BrE also)The judge directed that the mother should be given custody of the children.

LETTER/COMMENT
6. transitive ~ sth to… (formal)to send a letter, etc. to a particular place or to a particular person
•Direct any complaints to the Customer Services department.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
late Middle English: from Latin directus, past participle of dirigere, from di- ‘distinctly’ or de- ‘down’ + regere ‘put straight’.

Thesaurus:
direct verb T
1.
•The machine directs a beam of light on the area.
aim • • point • • focus •
direct/aim/point sth at sb/sth
direct/aim/focus (a) light
2. T
•She was appointed to direct a new campaign.
manage • • run • • be in charge • • control • • administer •
direct/manage/run/be in charge of/control/administer a project
direct/manage/be in charge of/control operations
be centrally directed/managed/run/controlled/administered

Collocations:
Cinema/the movies
Watching
go to/take sb to (see) a film/movie
go to/sit in (BrE) the cinema/(NAmE) the (movie) theater
rent a film/movie/DVD
download a film/movie/video
burn/copy/rip a DVD
see/watch a film/movie/DVD/video/preview/trailer
Showing
show/screen a film/movie
promote/distribute/review a film/movie
(BrE) be on at the cinema
be released on/come out on/be out on DVD
captivate/delight/grip/thrill the audience
do well/badly at the box office
get a lot of/live up to the hype
Film-making
write/co-write a film/movie/script/screenplay
direct/produce/make/shoot/edit a film/movie/sequel/video
make a romantic comedy/a thriller/an action movie
do/work on a sequel/remake
film/shoot the opening scene/an action sequence/footage (of sth)
compose/create/do/write the soundtrack
cut/edit (out) a scene/sequence
Acting
have/get/do an audition
get/have/play a leading/starring/supporting role
play a character/James Bond/the bad guy
act in/appear in/star in a film/movie/remake
do/perform/attempt a stunt
work in/make it big in Hollywood
forge/carve/make/pursue a career in Hollywood
Describing films
the camera pulls back/pans over sth/zooms in (on sth)
the camera focuses on sth/lingers on sth
shoot sb/show sb in extreme close-up
use odd/unusual camera angles
be filmed/shot on location/in a studio
be set/take place in London/in the '60s
have a happy ending/plot twist

Synonyms:
order
tell • instruct • direct • command
These words all mean to use your position of authority to say to sb that they must do sth.
order • to use your position of authority to tell sb to do sth: ▪ The company was ordered to pay compensation to its former employee. ◇ ▪ ‘Come here at once!’ she ordered.
tell • to say to sb that they must or should do sth: ▪ He was told to sit down and wait. ◇ ▪ Don't tell me what to do!
instruct • (rather formal) to tell sb to do sth, especially in a formal or official way: ▪ The letter instructed him to report to headquarters immediately.
direct • (formal) to give an official order: ▪ The judge directed the jury to return a verdict of not guilty.
command • to use your position of authority to tell sb to do sth: ▪ He commanded his men to retreat.
order or command?
Order is a more general word than command and can be used about anyone in a position of authority, such as a parent, teacher or government telling sb to do sth. Command is slightly stronger than order and is the normal word to use about an army officer giving orders, or in any context where it is normal to give orders without any discussion about them. It is less likely to be used about a parent or teacher.
to order/tell/instruct/direct/command sb to do sth
to order/instruct/direct/command that…
to do sth as ordered/told/instructed/directed/commanded

Synonyms:
take
lead • escort • drive • show • walk • guide • usher • direct
These words all mean to go with sb from one place to another.
take • to go with sb from one place to another, for example in order to show them sth or to show them the way to a place: ▪ It's too far to walk— I'll take you by car.
lead • to go with or go in front of sb in order to show them the way or to make them go in the right direction: ▪ Firefighters led the survivors to safety.
escort • to go with sb in order to protect or guard them or to show them the way: ▪ The president arrived, escorted by twelve bodyguards.
drive • to take sb somewhere in a car, taxi, etc: ▪ My mother drove us to the airport.
show • to take sb to a particular place, in the right direction, or along the correct route: ▪ The attendant showed us to our seats.
walk • to go somewhere with sb on foot, especially in order to make sure that they get there safely; to take an animal, especially a dog, for a walk or make an animal walk somewhere: ▪ He always walked her home. ◇ ▪ Have you walked the dog yet today?
guide • to show sb the way to a place, often by going with them; to show sb a place that you know well: ▪ She guided us through the busy streets. ◇ ▪ We were guided around the museums.
usher • (rather formal) to politely take or show sb where they should go, especially within a building: ▪ She ushered her guests to their seats.
direct • (rather formal) to tell or show sb how to get somewhere or where to go: ▪ A young woman directed them to the station.
to take/lead/escort/drive/show/walk/guide/usher/direct sb to/out of/into sth
to take/lead/escort/drive/show/walk/guide sb around/round
to take/lead/escort/drive/walk sb home
to take/lead/escort/guide sb to safety
to lead/show the way

Example Bank:
•He directed the light straight in her face.
•He directs with flair and sensitivity.
•His anger was mostly directed towards/toward Peter.
•I directed my question to the chairman.
•I found myself being directed into a dark room.
•It was directed by Luc Besson.
•Tax cuts have been directed primarily at the better-off.
•The attacks were directed solely at military targets.
•The film is expertly directed and beautifully photographed.
•The machine directs light onto a special film.
•This merely directs attention away from the real issues.
•We are directing our efforts towards helping young people.
•a detour that directs you through narrow, dimly lit streets
•anger directed specifically against ethnic minorities
•criticism clearly directed at the Labour Party
•criticism clearly directed at upper management
•A young woman directed them to the station.
•He was asked to take command and direct operations.
•The campaign was carefully directed from party central office.
•The criticisms were clearly directed at the President.
•The judge directed that the mother be given custody of the children.
•The judge directed the jury to return a verdict of not guilty.
•The law will come into force next year, as directed by the federal government.
•There are three main issues we need to direct our attention to.
•You should be prepared to carry out all reasonable duties as directed by the principal.

adverb

JOURNEY/ROUTE
1. without stopping or changing direction
•We flew direct to Hong Kong.
•The 10.40 goes direct to Leeds.

NOBODY IN BETWEEN
2. without involving other people
•I prefer to deal with him direct.

Word Origin:
late Middle English: from Latin directus, past participle of dirigere, from di- ‘distinctly’ or de- ‘down’ + regere ‘put straight’.