Tra từ campaign - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

cam·paign [campaign campaigns campaigned campaigning] noun, verb BrE [kæmˈpeɪn] NAmE [kæmˈpeɪn]
noun
1. ~ (against/for sth) a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim
•to conduct a campaign
•a campaign against ageism in the workplace
•the campaign for parliamentary reform
•an anti-smoking campaign
• Today police launched (= began) a campaign to reduce road accidents.
•an advertising campaign
•an election campaign
•the President's campaign team/manager
2. a series of attacks and battles that are intended to achieve a particular military aim during a war
•the North African campaign
• Air battles had dominated the campaign.
•a bombing campaign

Word Origin:
early 17th cent. (denoting a large area of open country): from French campagne ‘open country’, via Italian from late Latin campania, from campus ‘level ground’, specifically applied to the Campus Martius in Rome, used for games, athletic practice, and military drill. The change in sense arose from an army's practice of “taking the field” (i.e. moving from a fortress or town to open country) at the onset of summer.

Thesaurus:
campaign noun C
•the campaign for parliamentary reform
drive • • crusade • • fight • • battle • • struggle • • war •
a campaign/drive/crusade/fight/battle/struggle for sth
a campaign/drive/crusade/fight/battle/struggle/war against sth
a/an national/international campaign/drive/crusade/battle/struggle
Campaign or drive? A campaign may be larger, more formal and more organized than a drive. It is usually aimed at getting other people to do sth. A drive may be an attempt by people to get themselves to do sth:
•We're going on an economy drive (= we must spend less).
✗ an economy campaign

Collocations:
Voting in elections
Running for election
conduct/hold an election/a referendum
(especially NAmE) run for office/election/governor/mayor/president/the White House
(especially BrE) stand for election/office/Parliament/the Labour Party/a second term
hold/call/contest a general/national election
launch/run a presidential election campaign
support/back a candidate
sway/convince/persuade voters/the electorate
appeal to/attract/woo/target (NAmE) swing voters/(BrE) floating voters
fix/rig/steal an election/the vote
Voting
go to/be turned away from (especially BrE) a polling station/(NAmE) a polling place
cast a/your vote/ballot (for sb)
vote for the Conservative candidate/the Democratic party
mark/spoil your ballot paper
count (BrE) the postal votes/(especially NAmE) the absentee ballots
go to/be defeated at the ballot box
get/win/receive/lose votes
get/win (60% of) the popular/black/Hispanic/Latino/Muslim vote
win the election/(in the US) the primaries/a seat in Parliament/a majority/power
lose an election/the vote/your majority/your seat
win/come to power in a landslide (victory) (= with many more votes than any other party)
elect/re-elect sb (as) mayor/president/an MP/senator/congressman/congresswoman
Taking power
be sworn into office/in as president
take/administer (in the US) the oath of office
swear/take (in the UK) an/the oath of allegiance
give/deliver (in the US) the president's inaugural address
take/enter/hold/leave office
appoint sb (as) ambassador/governor/judge/minister
form a government/a cabinet
serve two terms as prime minister/in office
more collocations at ↑economy, ↑politics

Synonyms:
campaign
battle • struggle • drive • war • fight
These are all words for an effort made to achieve or prevent sth.
campaign • a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim: ▪ the campaign for parliamentary reform ◇ ▪ an advertising campaign
battle • a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control: ▪ She finally won the legal battle for compensation. ◇ ▪ the endless battle between man and nature
struggle • a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control: ▪ the struggle for independence ◇ ▪ the struggle between good and evil
battle or struggle?
A struggle is always about things that seem absolutely necessary, such as life and death or freedom. A battle can also be about things that are not absolutely necessary, just desirable, or about the pleasure of winning: ▪ the battle/struggle between good and evil ◇ a legal struggle for compensation ◇ a struggle of wills/wits.
drive • an organized effort by a group of people to achieve sth: ▪ the drive for greater efficiency ◇ ▪ a drive to reduce energy consumption
campaign or drive?
A campaign is usually aimed at getting other people to do sth; a drive may be an attempt by people to get themselves to do sth: ▪ From today, we're going on an ▪ economy drive ▪ ▪ (= we must spend less) ▪. A campaign may be larger, more formal and more organized than a drive.
war • [sing.] an effort over a long period of time to get rid of or stop sth bad: ▪ the war against crime
fight • [sing.] the work of trying to stop or prevent sth bad or achieve sth good; an act of competing, especially in a sport: ▪ Workers won their fight to stop compulsory redundancies.
war or fight?
A war is about stopping things, like drugs and crime, that everyone agrees are bad. A fight can be about achieving justice for yourself.
a campaign/battle/struggle/drive/war/fight against sth
a campaign/battle/struggle/drive/fight for sth
a one-man/one-woman/personal campaign/battle/struggle/war
a bitter campaign/battle/struggle/drive/war/fight
to launch/embark on a campaign/battle/drive
to lead/continue the campaign/battle/struggle/drive/fight
to win/lose a battle/struggle/war/fight

Example Bank:
•A campaign of intimidation was waged against people trying to vote.
•A news conference was held at the party's campaign headquarters.
•After sliding in the opinion polls, the party had to rethink its plan of campaign.
•Education has become an important campaign issue.
•Her political opponents ran a whispering campaign against her.
•Local people started a petition and letter-writing campaign to keep the hospital open.
•People have criticized the way in which she conducted her election campaign.
•She has fought a one-woman campaign for ten years about the lack of childcare provision in the town.
•She led a successful campaign against the closure of the library.
•The President kept his campaign promises.
•The anti-fur organization financed an ad campaign featuring celebrities.
•The campaign aims to inform the public of the dangers of this disease.
•The campaign failed to achieve its objectives.
•The campaign featured athletes talking about healthy lifestyles.
•The company launched a huge advertising campaign.
•The general election campaign gets underway today.
•The government has intensified the military campaign against the rebels.
•They began a grass-roots campaign to encourage people to shop locally.
•They met regularly during the campaign.
•We designed an Internet marketing campaign.
•a carefully orchestrated campaign against striking workers
•a concerted campaign aimed at educating young people about the dangers of drugs
•a fierce campaign against hunting
•a health awareness campaign to promote a healthy lifestyle
•election candidates on the campaign trail
•regulations governing political campaign financing
•the campaign for racial equality
•the political campaign by the Labour Party
•the terrorists' bombing campaign
•She led the campaign for parliamentary reform.
•The Russian campaign ended with the German defeat at Stalingrad.
•The advertising campaign was responsible for the massive rise in sales.
•The terrorists responded with a bombing campaign directed at business and commerce.
•They're conducting a campaign against ageism in the workplace.
•We're launching an anti-smoking campaign in the New Year.
Derived Word: ↑campaigning

verb intransitive, transitive
to take part in or lead a campaign, for example to achieve political change or in order to win an election
• The party campaigned vigorously in the north of the country.
•~ for/against sb/sth We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years.
•~ to do sth They are campaigning to save the area from building development.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
early 17th cent. (denoting a large area of open country): from French campagne ‘open country’, via Italian from late Latin campania, from campus ‘level ground’, specifically applied to the Campus Martius in Rome, used for games, athletic practice, and military drill. The change in sense arose from an army's practice of “taking the field” (i.e. moving from a fortress or town to open country) at the onset of summer.

Thesaurus:
campaign verb I
•The group campaigns on environmental issues.
fight • • lobby • • work • • agitate •
campaign/fight/lobby/work/agitate for sth
campaign/lobby/agitate against sth
campaign/fight/lobby on behalf of sb
Campaign or fight? Campaigning is often to persuade people that a political or social change is needed, or a practice needs to be stopped. Fight is often used about achieving justice for yourself, for example gaining the right to do sth.

Example Bank:
•Local communities are campaigning against the dumping of toxic waste.
•Local people have successfully campaigned against the building.
•The group campaigns on a range of environmental issues.
•We campaign on behalf of consumers.
•We have campaigned for better conditions.
•We will campaign hard for an end to the ivory trade.
•campaigning on behalf of the British consumer
•She has campaigned tirelessly for their release.
•The group campaigns on environmental issues.