Tra từ trade - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

trade [trade trades traded trading] noun, verb BrE [treɪd] NAmE [treɪd]
noun
1. uncountable the activity of buying and selling or of exchanging goods or services between people or countries
•international/foreign trade
• Trade between the two countries has increased.
•the international trade in oil
•the arms/drugs, etc. trade
see also ↑balance of trade, ↑fair-trade, ↑free trade
2. countable a particular type of business
•the building/food/tourist, etc. trade
• He works in the retail trade (= selling goods in shops/stores).
see also ↑rag trade
3. the tradesingular + singular or plural verb a particular area of business and the people or companies that are connected with it
• They offer discounts to the trade (= to people who are working in the same business).
•a trade magazine/journal
•Their company is respected and well known in the trade.
see also ↑stock-in-trade
4. uncountable, countable the amount of goods or services that you sell
Syn: ↑business
• Trade was very good last month.
5. uncountable, countable a job, especially one that involves working with your hands and that requires special training and skills
• He was a carpenter by trade.
• When she leaves school, she wants to learn a trade.
•She was surrounded by the tools of her trade (= everything she needs to do her job).
see a jack of all trades at ↑jack _n., ply for hire/trade/businessply your trade at ↑ply _v., do a roaring trade (in sth) at ↑roaring, the tricks of the trade at ↑trick _n.

Word Origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Middle Low German, literally track, of West Germanic origin; related to ↑tread. Early senses included ‘course, way of life’, which gave rise in the 16th cent. to ‘habitual practice of an occupation’, ‘skilled handicraft’. The current verb senses date from the late 16th cent.

Collocations:
Business
Running a business
buy/acquire/own/sell a company/firm/franchise
set up/establish/ start/start up/launch a business/company
run/operate a business/company/franchise
head/run a firm/department/team
make/secure/win/block a deal
expand/grow/build the business
boost/increase investment/spending/sales/turnover/earnings/exports/trade
increase/expand production/output/sales
boost/maximize production/productivity/efficiency/income/revenue/profit/profitability
achieve/maintain/sustain growth/profitability
cut/reduce/bring down/lower/slash costs/prices
announce/impose/make cuts/cutbacks
Sales and marketing
break into/enter/capture/dominate the market
gain/grab/take/win/boost/lose market share
find/build/create a market for sth
start/launch an advertising/a marketing campaign
develop/launch/promote a product/website
create/generate demand for your product
attract/get/retain/help customers/clients
drive/generate/boost/increase demand/sales
beat/keep ahead of/out-think/outperform the competition
meet/reach/exceed/miss sales targets
Finance
draw up/set/present/agree/approve a budget
keep to/balance/cut/reduce/slash the budget
be/come in below/under/over/within budget
generate income/revenue/profit/funds/business
fund/finance a campaign/a venture/an expansion/spending/a deficit
provide/raise/allocate capital/funds
attract/encourage investment/investors
recover/recoup costs/losses/an investment
get/obtain/offer sb/grant sb credit/a loan
apply for/raise/secure/arrange/provide finance
Failure
lose business/trade/customers/sales/revenue
accumulate/accrue/incur/run up debts
suffer/sustain enormous/heavy/serious losses
face cuts/a deficit/redundancy/bankruptcy
file for/ (NAmE) enter/avoid/escape bankruptcy
(BrE) go into administration/liquidation
liquidate/wind up a company
survive/weather a recession/downturn
propose/seek/block/oppose a merger
launch/make/accept/defeat a takeover bid

Collocations:
International relations
Trade
facilitate/regulate trade (with other countries)
form/join a trading bloc
live in/compete in a global/the world economy
support/promote free trade
adopt/call for/oppose protectionist measures
erect/impose/reduce/remove trade barriers
impose/lift/raise/eliminate import tariffs (on sth)
have/run a huge/large/growing trade surplus/deficit
embrace/resist/drive globalization
Politics and law
conduct/handle/talk about/discuss foreign policy
pursue an aggressive/a hawkish foreign policy
require/use/conduct diplomacy
establish/break off/sever/restore diplomatic relations
foster/promote/strengthen regional cooperation
facilitate/achieve economic/political integration
exercise/defend/protect/transfer/restore/regain national/state/full/limited sovereignty
consolidate/extend/lose/retain your power (in the region)
hold/maintain/change/alter/shift/be a shift in the balance of power (in the region)
cause/create/open/expose/heal/repair a deep/growing/major/serious rift between X and Y
Meetings and agreements
have/hold/host/attend an international conference/an economic forum/a G20 summit
launch a new round of global/multilateral/world trade negotiations
send/head/lead/meet a high-level/an official/a trade delegation
begin/start/continue/resume peace talks
be committed to/be opposed to/disrupt/undermine/derail/sabotage the peace process
negotiate/achieve a lasting political settlement
broker/sign a peace deal/agreement/treaty
Conflict
be/constitute/pose a threat to global security
compromise/endanger/protect national security
justify/be in favour of/ (especially US) be in favor of/be against military intervention
threaten/authorize/launch/take/support/oppose unilateral/pre-emptive military action
impose/enforce/lift/end economic sanctions/an arms embargo/a naval blockade
close/protect/secure/patrol the border
lead/be involved in a peacekeeping operation
Aid
negotiate/announce a $15 billion aid package/an economic stimulus package
send/provide/request/cut off military aid
bring/provide emergency/humanitarian relief
deliver/distribute medical supplies/(BrE) food parcels
fund/run a foreign/a local/an international NGO
reduce/eradicate child/global/world poverty

Synonyms:
work
employment • career • profession • occupation • trade
These are all words for the work that sb does in return for payment, especially over a long period of time.
work • the job that sb does, especially in order to earn money: ▪ It's very difficult to find work at the moment.
employment • (rather formal) work, especially when it is done to earn money; the state of being employed or the situation in which people have work: ▪ Only half the people here are in paid employment.
career • the job or series of jobs that sb has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes: ▪ He had a very distinguished career in the Foreign Office.
profession • a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education: ▪ He hopes to enter the medical profession.
The profession is all the people who work in a particular profession: ▪ the legal profession. The professions are the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or lawyer.
occupation • (rather formal) a job or profession: ▪ Please state your name, age, and occupation.
trade • a job, especially one that involves working with your hands and requires special training and skills: ▪ Carpentry is a highly skilled trade.
in/out of work/employment
(a) full-time/part-time work/employment/career/occupation
permanent/temporary work/employment
(a) well-paid work/employment/profession/occupation
(a) low-paid work/employment/occupation
to look for/seek/find work/employment/a career/an occupation
to get/obtain/give sb/offer sb/create/generate/provide work/employment

Example Bank:
•All around the pyramids, salespeople were doing a roaring trade in souvenirs.
•All manner of hawkers and street sellers were plying their trade.
•He built up a trade in seeds, corn and manure.
•It has been a bad year for the retail trade.
•Several local companies took part in a trade mission to Spain.
•She is a carpenter by trade.
•She's in the wholesale fruit trade.
•Shops have lost a day's trade.
•Steps were taken to ban the trade in ivory.
•The US has restricted trade with India.
•The US was accused of employing unfair trade practices.
•The countries were locked in a trade war, refusing to allow imports of each other's goods.
•The employees were fired for divulging trade secrets to a competitor.
•The experienced artisan would pass on the tricks of the trade to the apprentice.
•The five countries formed a regional trade bloc.
•The organization promotes fair trade with developing countries.
•The road has been an important trade route since prehistoric times.
•The store has lost a day's trade.
•The vase was bought by a trade buyer.
•These flour sacks are known in the trade as ‘pockets’.
•They already dominated the domestic trade in raw jute.
•Trade between the Adriatic ports and their hinterland had grown.
•Work in the building trades became scarce.
•a bid to boost foreign trade
•attempts to curb the illicit trade in exotic species
•talks between trade officials from the two countries
•the area's dependence on the tourist trade
•the boom and slump periods of a trade cycle
•the evil trade in drugs
•the tools needed to carry on a trade
•the trade body representing water companies
•Dressmaking is a highly skilled trade.
•Employment in the building trade is notoriously irregular.
•Foreign trade plays an important part in the economy.
•He works in the retail trade.
•He'll show you some of the tricks of the trade if you ask him.
•If you've got a trade, you need never be out of work.
•My parents always wanted me to leave school early and learn a trade.
•Stores are doing a brisk trade in wizard accessories and vampire kits.
•The international trade in oil has been massively affected.
•The organization denied any involvement in the illegal arms trade.
•They offer discounts to the trade.
•We buy 10% of our bananas from fair-trade sources.
•You should advertise in newspapers and trade magazines.
Derived: ↑trade at something ▪ ↑trade down ▪ ↑trade on something ▪ ↑trade something in ▪ ↑trade something off ▪ ↑trade up

verb
1. intransitive, transitive to buy and sell things
•~ (in sth) (with sb) The firm openly traded in arms.
• Early explorers traded directly with the Indians.
•trading partners (= countries that you trade with)
•~ sth (with sb) Our products are now traded worldwide.
2. intransitive to exist and operate as a business or company
•The firm has now ceased trading.
•~ as sb/sth They traded as ‘Walker and Son’.
3. intransitive, transitive ~ (sth) to be bought and sold, or to buy and sell sth, on a ↑stock exchange
•Shares were trading at under half their usual value.
4. transitive to exchange sth that you have for sth that sb else has
•~ (sb) sth to trade secrets/insults/jokes
•~ sth for sth She traded her posters for his CD.
•~ sth with sb I wouldn't mind trading places with her for a day.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Middle Low German, literally track, of West Germanic origin; related to ↑tread. Early senses included ‘course, way of life’, which gave rise in the 16th cent. to ‘habitual practice of an occupation’, ‘skilled handicraft’. The current verb senses date from the late 16th cent.

Example Bank:
•He claimed that all businesses should be able to trade freely on Sundays.
•The company has now ceased trading.
•The company openly traded in arms.
•The company trades under the name ‘English Estates’.
•They now trade as a partnership.
•countries trading illegally in rhinoceros horn
•publicly traded securities
•After settling in Madeira they began trading in flour, sugar and leather.
•Cabinet colleagues traded insults over the future of the pound.
•I wouldn't mind trading places with her for a day.
•The countries are now trading partners.
•The futures contract is traded at a clean price and does not include accrued interest payments.