Tra từ retreat - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

re·treat [retreat retreats retreated retreating] verb, noun BrE [rɪˈtriːt] NAmE [rɪˈtriːt]
verb

FROM DANGER/DEFEAT
1. intransitive to move away from a place or an enemy because you are in danger or because you have been defeated
•The army was forced to retreat after suffering heavy losses.
•We retreated back down the mountain.
•They retreated to a safe distance from the fighting.
Opp: ↑advance

MOVE AWAY/BACK
2. intransitive to move away or back
Syn: ↑recede
•He watched her retreating figure.
•The flood waters slowly retreated.

CHANGE DECISION
3. intransitive + adv./prep. to change your mind about sth because of criticism or because a situation has become too difficult
Syn: ↑back off
•The government had retreated from its pledge to reduce class sizes.
•He told them not to retreat in the face of opposition from the public.

TO QUIET PLACE
4. intransitive (+ adv./prep.) to escape to a place that is quieter or safer
Syn: ↑retire
•Bored with the conversation, she retreated to her bedroom.
• (figurative)He retreated into a world of fantasy.

FINANCE
5. intransitive + noun to lose value
•Share prices retreated 45p to 538p.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
late Middle English: from Old French retret (noun), retraiter (verb), from Latin retrahere ‘pull back’, from re- ‘back’ + trahere ‘drag’.

Example Bank:
•He retreated behind the table.
•He retreated hastily back to his car.
•He retreated in the face of strong opposition.
•He retreated into his own world.
•I heard her footsteps retreat down the hall.
•Sandy retreated slowly, wary of what the man might do.
•She retreated from the busy office to her own room.
•The army has been ordered to retreat.
•They retreated before the Americans.
•She told them not to retreat in the face of opposition from the public.

noun

FROM DANGER/DEFEAT
1. countable, usually singular, uncountable a movement away from a place or an enemy because of danger or defeat
•Napoleon's retreat from Moscow
•The army was in full retreat (= retreating very quickly).
•to sound the retreat (= to give a loud signal for an army to move away)

ESCAPE
2. countable, usually singular, uncountable ~ (from/into sth) an act of trying to escape from a particular situation to one that you think is safer or more pleasant
Syn: ↑escape
•Is watching television a retreat from reality?

CHANGE OF DECISION
3. countable, usually singular an act of changing a decision because of criticism or because a situation has become too difficult
•The Senator made an embarrassing retreat from his earlier position.

QUIET PLACE
4. countable a quiet, private place that you go to in order to get away from your usual life
•a country retreat
5. uncountable, countable a period of time when sb stops their usual activities and goes to a quiet place for prayer and thought; an organized event when people can do this
•He went into retreat and tried to resolve the conflicts within himself.
•to go on a Buddhist retreat
see beat a (hasty) retreat at ↑beat _v.

Word Origin:
late Middle English: from Old French retret (noun), retraiter (verb), from Latin retrahere ‘pull back’, from re- ‘back’ + trahere ‘drag’.

Collocations:
War and peace
Starting a war
declare/make/wage war (on sb/sth)
go to war (against/with sb)
cause/spark/provoke/foment/quell unrest
incite/lead/crush/suppress a revolt/rebellion
launch/mount/carry out a surprise/terrorist attack
prevent/halt/represent an escalation of the conflict
be torn apart by/be on the brink of civil war
enter/invade/occupy sb's territory
lead/launch/resist/repel an invasion
Military operations
adopt/develop/implement/pursue a military strategy
carry out/execute/perform military operations/manoeuvres/(especially US) maneuvers
send/deploy/station/pull back/withdraw troops
go on/fly/carry out a reconnaissance/rescue mission
train/equip/deploy army/military/combat units
lead/launch/conduct a raid/a surprise attack/an (air/airborne/amphibious) assault (on sb)
employ/use guerrilla tactics
conduct/wage biological/guerrilla warfare
fight/crush/defeat the rebels/the insurgency
suffer/inflict a crushing defeat
achieve/win a decisive victory
halt/stop the British/German/Russian advance
order/force a retreat
Fighting
join/serve in the army/navy/air force
be/go/remain/serve on active duty
serve/complete/return from a tour of duty
be sent to the front (line)
attack/strike/engage/defeat/kill/destroy the enemy
see/report/be engaged in heavy fighting
call for/be met with armed resistance
come under heavy/machine-gun/mortar fire
fire a machine-gun/mortar shells/rockets (at sb/sth)
shoot a rifle/a pistol/bullets/missiles
launch/fire a cruise/ballistic/anti-tank missile
use biological/chemical/nuclear weapons
inflict/suffer/sustain heavy losses/casualties
be hit/killed by enemy/friendly/artillery fire
become/be held as a prisoner of war
Civilians in war
harm/kill/target/protect innocent/unarmed civilians
cause/avoid/limit/minimize civilian casualties/collateral damage
impose/enforce/lift a curfew
engage in/be a victim of ethnic cleansing
be sent to an internment/a concentration camp
accept/house/resettle refugees fleeing from war
fear/threaten military/violent reprisals
commit/be accused of war crimes/crimes against humanity/genocide
Making peace
make/bring/win/achieve/maintain/promote peace
call for/negotiate/broker/declare a ceasefire/a temporary truce
sign a ceasefire agreement
call for/bring/put an end to hostilities
demand/negotiate/accept the surrender of sb/sth
establish/send (in) a peacekeeping force
negotiate/conclude/ratify/sign/accept/reject/break/violate a peace treaty

Example Bank:
•Camp David, the presidential retreat in Maryland
•Eventually the police forced the crowd into retreat.
•He took part in the retreat from Paris.
•He went into retreat at his country home to escape the attention of the media.
•I decided to beat a hasty retreat.
•I made a tactful retreat before they started arguing.
•I went off on one of my annual retreats.
•I went on a ten-day silent retreat.
•On the eastern front the army was in full retreat.
•She goes on a spiritual retreat for two weeks every summer.
•She plans to use it as a winter retreat.
•The enemy was now in retreat.
•The family held its first retreat last October.
•They are staying here at their secret retreat from life in the city.
•We covered his retreat with bursts of gunfire.
•We succeeded in cutting off the enemy's line of retreat.
•Zen Mountain offers numerous wilderness retreats.
•a summer retreat for the rich
•an ignominious retreat to the River Vistula
•designed as a gentleman's country retreat
•fresh evidence that trade unionism is on the retreat
•her retreat into a fantasy world of her own
•the perfect retreat for a romantic honeymoon
•He went on a Buddhist retreat.
•Hitler's retreat from Russia
•She bought the cottage as a weekend retreat.
•The senator made an embarrassing retreat from his earlier position.