Tra từ illness - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

ill·ness [illness illnesses] BrE [ˈɪlnəs] NAmE [ˈɪlnəs] noun
1. uncountable the state of being physically or mentally ill
•mental illness
• I missed a lot of school through illness last year.
2. countable a type or period of illness
•minor/serious illnesses
•childhood illnesses
• He died after a long illness.

Thesaurus:
illness noun
1. U
•I missed a lot of school through illness.
sickness • • ill health • • trouble •
Opp: good health
due to/owing to/through illness/sickness/ill health
chronic illness/sickness/ill health
suffer from illness/sickness/ill health/heart, etc. trouble
Illness or sickness? Sickness is used especially in contexts concerning work and insurance. Illness is more general and has a wider range of uses.
2. C
•She was recovering from a serious illness.
disease • • sickness • • infection • • condition • • ailment • • complaint • |informal bug • • virus • |medical disorder •
a serious/chronic illness/disease/infection/condition/ailment/disorder
have/suffer from a/an illness/disease/sickness/infection/condition/ailment/complaint/bug/virus/disorder
catch/contract/get/pick up a/an illness/disease/infection/bug/virus
diagnose/treat a/an illness/disease/infection/condition/ailment/virus/disorder
recover from a/an illness/disease/sickness/infection/bug/virus/disorder
Illness or disease? Disease is used to talk about more severe physical medical problems, especially those that affect the organs:
•heart/kidney/liver disease
✗ heart/kidney/liver illness Illness is used to talk about most kinds of medical problems, including mental illness. Disease is not used about a period of illness:
•He died after a long illness.
✗ He died after a long disease.

Collocations:
Illnesses
Becoming ill
catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/(BrE) flu/pneumonia/a virus/(informal) a bug
get (BrE) ill/(NAmE) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine
come down with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu
contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS
be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV
develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis
have a heart attack/a stroke
provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction
block/burst/rupture a blood vessel
damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon
Being ill
feel (BrE) ill/sick/nauseous/queasy
be running (BrE) a temperature/(NAmE) a fever
have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/(BrE) a high temperature/(NAmE) a fever
suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder
be laid up with/ (BrE) be in bed with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine
nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover
battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism
Treatments
examine a patient
diagnose a condition/disease/disorder
be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia
prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics
treat sb for cancer/depression/shock
have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer
have/be given an injection/(BrE) a flu jab/(NAmE) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray
cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient
prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs
be vaccinated against the flu/(BrE) flu/the measles/(BrE) measles/polio/smallpox
enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease

Synonyms:
disease
illness • disorder • infection • condition • ailment • bug
These are all words for a medical problem.
disease • a medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection: ▪ He suffers from a rare blood disease.
illness • a medical problem, or a period of suffering from one: ▪ She died after a long illness.
disease or illness?
Disease is used to talk about more severe physical medical problems, especially those that affect the organs. Illness is used to talk about both more severe and more minor medical problems, and those that affect mental health: heart/kidney/liver illness ◇ mental disease. Disease is not used about a period of illness: she died after a long disease
disorder • (rather formal) an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly: ▪ a rare disorder of the liver.
A disorder is generally not infectious. Disorder is used most frequently with words relating to mental problems, for example psychiatric, personality, mental and eating. When it is used to talk about physical problems, it is most often used with blood, bowel and kidney, and these are commonly serious, severe or rare.
infection • an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body: ▪ a throat infection
condition • a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it: ▪ a heart condition
ailment • (rather formal) an illness that is not very serious: ▪ childhood ailments
bug • (informal) an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild: ▪ a nasty flu bug
to have/suffer from a(n) disease/illness/disorder/infection/condition/ailment/bug
to catch/contract/get/pick up a(n) disease/illness/infection/bug

Synonyms:
illness
sickness • ill health • trouble
These are all words for the state of being physically or mentally ill.
illness • the state of being physically or mentally ill.
sickness • illness; bad health: ▪ I recommend you get insurance against sickness and unemployment.
illness or sickness?
Sickness is used especially in contexts concerning work and insurance. It is commonly found with words such as pay, leave, absence and insurance. Illness has a wider range of uses and is found in more general contexts.
ill health • (rather formal) the state of being physically ill or having lots of health problems: ▪ She resigned because of ill health.
Ill health often lasts a long period of time.
trouble • illness or pain: ▪ heart trouble.
When trouble is used with this meaning, it is necessary to say which part of the body is affected.
chronic illness/sickness/ill health
to suffer from illness/sickness/ill health/heart, etc. trouble

Example Bank:
•As his illness progressed, Neil began to have difficulty speaking.
•Badly fed children suffer a lot of minor illnesses.
•Both illnesses require treatment.
•Claire is optimistic she can beat her illness.
•Clinical depression is a treatable illness.
•Diabetes is a common illness.
•He became blind after contracting a rare illness.
•He contracted a serious illness and died a month later.
•He suffered from a debilitating illness which made everyday life a struggle.
•He's just returned to work after illness.
•Her childhood was plagued by illness.
•Kerry died of a sudden illness.
•Mental illness afflicts one in four people.
•She bore her final illness with great courage.
•She feigned illness so that she wouldn't have to go to school.
•She nursed her father through his final illness.
•She survived a life-threatening illness.
•Some illnesses occur more frequently following puberty.
•Sometimes it's hard to tell whether illnesses result from bacteria or viruses.
•Suddenly, illness hit the household.
•TB is a major cause of preventable illness and death.
•The drug is used to treat a wide range of illnesses.
•The illness struck while he was touring.
•The immune system enables the body to fight off illness.
•The mystery illness affected hundreds of people in the city.
•The only thing that could cure her illness was a special herb.
•They had failed to find the cause of his mystery illness.
•We assess the applicant's history of family illness.
•a drug that may be helpful in preventing illnesses such as cancer
•a high rate of illness among the workers
•an acute episode of mental illness
•earnings lost due to illness
•episodes of illness in children
•illnesses caused by poverty
•people who never seem to catch the illnesses their friends get
•people who suffer from mental illness
•people with serious psychological illnesses
•the first case of illness from the Ebola virus
•the illnesses associated with HIV infection
•the most common stress-related illnesses
•the pain and distress caused by your illness
•the sudden onset of illness in a parent
•those who experience mental illness
•ways to help arthritis sufferers manage their illness
•Have you suffered from any serious illnesses in the past six months?
•She suffered from mental illness throughout her life.
•They've just published an encyclopedia of childhood illnesses.