fund-raiser

Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

ˈfund-raiser [fund-raiser fund-raisers] BrE NAmE noun
1. a person who collects money for a charity or an organization
2. a social event or an entertainment held in order to collect money for a charity or an organization
Derived Word: ↑fund-raising

Culture:
charities
Charities are independent organizations that help the poor, the homeless, children, old people and animals. They are involved with human rights, education, medical research and conservation of the environment. Many of them began in the time before governments provided any social services, when poor people had to turn to charitable organizations for help. Charities rely on money given by the public, and on help from volunteers in fund-raising and carrying out their activities.
In 2003 there were about 187 000 charities in Britain, with a total income of £30 billion. The charity with the highest income was ↑Cancer Research UK. Many charities that are now well known throughout the world, such as ↑Oxfam and ↑Amnesty International, began in Britain. Americans are also enthusiastic supporters of charities. In 2002 they gave over $240 billion. The ↑Salvation Army received the most money.
In Britain organizations qualify for charitable status if they are established for the ‘public good’. Many charities ask well-known people, including members of the royal family, to become their patrons. Charities do not pay tax on the money they receive, but they are not allowed to make a profit.
Charities in Britain are not allowed to take part in political activity, so some set up a separate ↑pressure group which campaigns on related issues. The ↑Charity Commission keeps a list of charities and advises them. Well-known charities working in Britain include Oxfam, the British Heart Foundation, which pays for research into heart disease, ↑Barnardo's, ↑Age Concern, ↑Help the Aged and Shelter
In the US religious organizations receive most money from the public, followed by those concerned with social services, education and health. Well-known charities include the Salvation Army, the ↑Red Cross, the ↑United Negro College Fund, which helps ↑African Americans get an education, and the American Cancer Society. Local charities operate shelters for the homeless and soup kitchens where poor people can eat free.
A lot of the work done by charities in the US, such as caring for the poor or providing education, is done in other countries by the government. Americans have a strong belief that, if possible, private groups, not the government, should do this work.
The traditional method of raising money is to organize a flag day. Volunteers stand in busy streets asking members of the public to put money in a collecting tin. In exchange, they are given a paper sticker, formerly a small paper flag with a pin through it, with the charity’s name on it. This is sometimes called ‘tin-rattling’. The British Legion's flag day, called ↑Poppy Day, has become a feature of British life.
Nearly every town in Britain has several charity shops. These are run by volunteer staff and sell second-hand clothes, books and household goods at low prices in aid of charity. Some shops, e.g. Oxfam shops, also sell goods made by people who are benefiting from the charity’s work. At ↑Christmas, people often buy charity cards, cards sold in aid of charity. Charity shops
(AmE thrift shops). are less common in the US, but include shops run by the Salvation Army and Goodwill.
In recent years, the telethon has proved an effective method of fund-raising. During an evening of popular television programmes, television stars ask the public to telephone and pledge (= promise) money to the charities involved. The ↑Comic Relief evening in Britain and the muscular dystrophy telethon in the US are the most famous. Other fund-raising activities include fêtes (= outdoor sales of craftwork, plants, etc.) and jumble sales (= sales of second-hand goods). Sponsored walks, cycle rides, even parachute jumps, where people agree to give money to a person completing a task, are also popular. At Christmas or Thanksgiving, schools and churches organize collections of food, called food drives in the US, for old people and the poor.
An important source of funds for charities in Britain is the ↑National Lottery, which gives a proportion of its income to ‘good causes’.
In both Britain and the US many workers have money taken from their pay and sent to charity. This is called payroll giving. Some companies in the US hold fund-raising drives, in which different parts of the company compete to see which of them pledges the most money. The United Way, a national organization that collects money to give to small local charities, benefits from this. As in Britain, many people leave money to charity in their will. It is also common, when somebody dies, for the family to ask people to send a contribution to a charity instead of sending flowers to the funeral.