Tra từ effect - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

ef·fect [effect effects effected effecting] noun, verb BrE [ɪˈfekt] NAmE [ɪˈfekt]
noun
1. countable, uncountable ~ (on sb/sth) a change that sb/sth causes in sb/sth else; a result
•the effect of heat on metal
•dramatic/long-term effects
•to learn to distinguish between cause and effect
•the beneficial effects of exercise
• Modern farming methods can have an adverse effect on the environment.
• Her criticisms had the effect of discouraging him completely.
•Despite her ordeal, she seems to have suffered no ill effects.
•I can certainly feel the effects of too many late nights.
•‘I'm feeling really depressed.’ ‘The winter here has that effect sometimes.’
•I tried to persuade him, but with little or no effect.
see also ↑greenhouse effect, ↑knock-on, ↑side effect
2. countable, uncountable a particular look, sound or impression that sb, such as an artist or a writer, wants to create
• The overall effect of the painting is overwhelming.
• The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene.
•Add a scarf for a casual effect.
•He only behaves like that for effect (= in order to impress people).
see also ↑special effects, ↑sound effect
3. effectsplural (formal)your personal possessions
Syn: ↑belongings
•The insurance policy covers all baggage and personal effects.

Word Origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin effectus, from efficere ‘accomplish’, from ex- ‘out, thoroughly’ + facere ‘do, make’. Sense 3, ‘personal belongings’, arose from the obsolete sense ‘something acquired on completion of an action’.

Thesaurus:
effect noun C, U
•Management changes had little effect on output.
impact • • influence • • result • • outcome • • consequence • • upshot • • impression • • power • • force • • action •
an effect/impact/influence/impression on/upon sb/sth
(a) considerable/tremendous/great effect/impact/influence/impression/power/force
have (a/an) effect/impact/influence/result/outcome/consequences

Language Bank:
consequently
Describing the effect of something
One consequence of ▪ changes in diet over recent years has been a dramatic increase in cases of childhood obesity.
▪ Many parents today do not have time to cook healthy meals for their children. Consequently ▪ / As a consequence ▪, many children grow up eating too much junk food.
▪ Many children spend their free time watching TV instead of playing outside. As a result ▪, more and more of them are becoming overweight.
▪ Last year junk food was banned in schools. The effect of this ▪ has been to create a black market in the playground, with pupils bringing sweets from home to sell to other pupils.
note at ↑effect
Language Banks at ↑because of, ↑cause, ↑therefore

Which Word?:
affect / effect
affect verb = ‘to have an influence on sb/sth’: ▪ Does television affect children’s behaviour? It is not a noun.
effect noun = ‘result, influence’: ▪ Does television have an effect on children’s behaviour?
effect verb is quite rare and formal and means ‘to achieve or produce’.▪ They hope to effect a reconciliation.

Example Bank:
•Any delay in delivery of materials will have a knock-on effect throughout the production process.
•Giving up smoking had a magical effect on his stamina.
•Guests are requested to deposit any valuable personal effects at the hotel reception.
•He didn't seem to have suffered any ill effects from his fall.
•Heavy taxation has a disincentive effect.
•His comment was intended to calm the situation but it had the opposite effect.
•How soon will the effects of the drug wear off?
•I am interested in documenting the effects of international events on ordinary people.
•I found that by adding white I could achieve the desired effect.
•It's a policy that will have a chilling effect on free speech.
•She uses animal sounds to startling effect in her music.
•Some laws from the 18th century are still in effect.
•That is precisely the effect I was aiming at.
•The air conditioning came on, to little effect.
•The bank has cut interest rates with immediate effect.
•The border closure meant, in effect, that no trade took place between the countries.
•The deterrent effect of the death penalty has long been questioned.
•The dramatic effect was heightened by her black dress and dead white face.
•The drug exerts a powerful effect on the brain.
•The drug has well-documented inhibitory effects on sexual function.
•The dry weather had an adverse effect on the potato crops.
•The full effects of the new tax have not yet been felt.
•The medicine started to take effect after a few minutes.
•The new regulations come into effect next month.
•The plague struck London again with devastating effect.
•There was no discernible effect on cell growth.
•They told us to go away, or words to that effect.
•We had problems with mosquitoes, but this spray had the desired effect.
•Women feel the effects of alcohol more quickly than men.
•a face cream designed to combat the effects of age
•drugs which mimic the effects of hormones
•key historical concepts such as cause and effect
•policies to reduce emissions of gases which cause the greenhouse effect
•the crippling effect of sanctions on the economy
•the serious health effects which result from obesity
•to minimize the effects of economic change
•‘I feel really depressed.’ ‘The winter here has that effect sometimes.’
•Despite her ordeal, she seems to have suffered no ill effects.
•I took the medicine with dramatic effect.
•It's not always easy to distinguish between cause and effect.
•She stressed the beneficial effects of exercise.
•The management changes had little or no effect on output.
•The purpose of the lesson was to study the effect of heat on metal.
Idioms: ↑come into effect ▪ good/great/dramatic effect ▪ ↑in effect ▪ ↑no effect ▪ ↑put something into effect ▪ ↑take effect ▪ ↑the effect that … ▪ ↑this effect ▪ ↑with effect from … ▪ ↑with immediate effect

verb ~ sth (formal)
to make sth happen
•to effect a cure/change/recovery
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin effectus, from efficere ‘accomplish’, from ex- ‘out, thoroughly’ + facere ‘do, make’. Sense 3, ‘personal belongings’, arose from the obsolete sense ‘something acquired on completion of an action’.

Which Word?:
affect / effect
affect verb = ‘to have an influence on sb/sth’: ▪ Does television affect children’s behaviour? It is not a noun.
effect noun = ‘result, influence’: ▪ Does television have an effect on children’s behaviour?
effect verb is quite rare and formal and means ‘to achieve or produce’.▪ They hope to effect a reconciliation.

Example Bank:
•The negotiators hoped to effect a smooth transition to an interim administration.
•These drugs can sometimes effect miraculous cures.