Tra từ disorder - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

dis·order [disorder disorders disordered disordering] BrE [dɪsˈɔːdə(r)] NAmE [dɪsˈɔːrdər] noun
1. uncountable (formal)an untidy state; a lack of order or organization
•His financial affairs were in complete disorder.
•The room was in a state of disorder.
•Everyone began shouting at once and the meeting broke up in disorder.
Opp: ↑order
2. uncountable (formal)violent behaviour of large groups of people
•an outbreak of rioting and public disorder
•Twenty people were arrested after a night of civil disorder.
compare ↑order (³)
3. countable, uncountable (medical)an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly
•a blood/bowel, etc. disorder
•eating disorders
•He was suffering from some form of psychiatric disorder.
•a rare disorder of the liver
•Most people with acute mental disorder can be treated at home.

Word Origin:
late 15th cent. (as a verb): alteration, influenced by ↑order, of earlier disordain, from Old French desordener, ultimately based on Latin ordinare ‘ordain’.

Synonyms:
disease
illness • disorder • infection • condition • ailment • bug
These are all words for a medical problem.
disease • a medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection: ▪ He suffers from a rare blood disease.
illness • a medical problem, or a period of suffering from one: ▪ She died after a long illness.
disease or illness?
Disease is used to talk about more severe physical medical problems, especially those that affect the organs. Illness is used to talk about both more severe and more minor medical problems, and those that affect mental health: heart/kidney/liver illness ◇ mental disease. Disease is not used about a period of illness: she died after a long disease
disorder • (rather formal) an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly: ▪ a rare disorder of the liver.
A disorder is generally not infectious. Disorder is used most frequently with words relating to mental problems, for example psychiatric, personality, mental and eating. When it is used to talk about physical problems, it is most often used with blood, bowel and kidney, and these are commonly serious, severe or rare.
infection • an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body: ▪ a throat infection
condition • a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it: ▪ a heart condition
ailment • (rather formal) an illness that is not very serious: ▪ childhood ailments
bug • (informal) an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild: ▪ a nasty flu bug
to have/suffer from a(n) disease/illness/disorder/infection/condition/ailment/bug
to catch/contract/get/pick up a(n) disease/illness/infection/bug

Example Bank:
•Consumption of fatty acids may help prevent the disorder.
•He died suddenly, leaving his financial affairs in complete disorder.
•Her doctor diagnosed a thyroid disorder.
•She suffers from a rare blood disorder.
•Some people develop psychological disorders as a result of trauma.
•The country was thrown into disorder by the strikes.
•The initiative aims to tackle alcohol-related disorder in towns.
•The police will not tolerate disorder of any kind on our streets.
•There have been outbreaks of serious public disorder.
•Troops were sent in to quell the disorder.
•disorders affecting the very old, such as senile dementia
•disorders of the digestive system
•new restrictions aimed at preventing social disorder
•problems of youth disorder in our cities
•the argument that thin models in magazines cause eating disorders
•the pressures on police caused by drink-related disorder
•He loves tidying up, making order out of disorder.
•He was suffering from a psychiatric disorder.
•His financial affairs were in a state of complete disorder.
•She's got some kind of bowel disorder.
•The food crisis led to outbreaks of rioting and public disorder.
•The gang of men scattered in disorder.
•The world's currency markets were thrown into disorder.
•This is a rare disorder of the liver.
•a/an psychiatric/personality/mental/depressive/eating disorder
•the wild disorder of her red hair