Tra từ illustrate - Từ điển LongMan Dictionary

il‧lus‧trate W2 AC /ˈɪləstreɪt/ verb [TRANSITIVE]
[Word Family: noun: illustration, illustrator; verb: illustrate; adjective: illustrative]
[date : 1500-1600; Language : Latin; Origin : past participle of illustrare, from lustrare 'to make pure or bright']
1. to make the meaning of something clearer by giving examples:
　 ▪ Let me give an example to illustrate the point.
　 ▪ She illustrated her discussion with diagrams.

2. to be an example which shows that something is true or that a fact exists
illustrate that
　 ▪ This dispute illustrates that the regime is deeply divided.
illustrate how
　 ▪ The following examples illustrate how this operates in practice.
　 ▪ This illustrates a fundamental weakness in the system.

3. to put pictures in a book, article etc:
　 ▪ Over a hundred diagrams, tables and pictures illustrate the book.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪draw to make a picture, pattern etc using a pen or pencil :
　 ▪ The children were asked to draw a picture of their families.
　 ▪ I’m going to art classes to learn how to draw.
▪sketch /sketʃ/ to draw a picture of something or someone quickly and without a lot of detail :
　 ▪ Roy took a pencil and sketched the bird quickly, before it moved.
▪illustrate to draw the pictures in a book :
　 ▪ It’s a beautiful book, illustrated by Arthur Rackham.
▪doodle /ˈduːdl/ to draw shapes or patterns without really thinking about what you are doing :
　 ▪ He was on the phone, doodling on his notepad as he spoke.
▪scribble to draw shapes or lines without making a definite picture or pattern. Small children do this before they have learned to draw or write :
　 ▪ At the age of two, she loved scribbling with crayons and coloured pencils.
▪trace to copy a picture by putting a piece of thin paper over it and drawing the lines that you can see through the paper :
　 ▪ First trace the map, and then copy it into your workbooks.

verb
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
an example shows/illustrates sth
▪ These examples show how the disease can be passed on to humans.
an illustrated lecture (=a lecture with pictures such as slides)
▪ Mrs Robinson gave a fascinating illustrated lecture on Spanish history.
illustrate/demonstrate a point
▪ A simple example will illustrate the point.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
ADVERB
also
▪ A colour catalogue, costing £3, also illustrates the abundance of smaller accessories that make up the Shaker look.
▪ It also illustrates that small as well as large organizations must decide how to handle the matrixing issue.
▪ Differences between clinical medicine and public health in their views on quality assurance are also illustrated.
▪ Headley also illustrates what could happen if operational intelligence was rapidly gathered and acted upon.
▪ London and Huddersfield also illustrate the concentric pattern.
▪ The choices they made also illustrate the divisions within the clergy and the gap between Loyalist clergy and revolutionary laity.
▪ This piece also illustrates profoundly important innovations of musical idiom.
▪ But the Oregon story also illustrates some of the difficulties that will accompany legislative changes on such a massive scale.
best
▪ The next phase is best illustrated by statues from Attica.
▪ This type of analysis is best illustrated by the following specific example.
▪ We can best illustrate this with two absurd examples.
▪ This is best illustrated by considering the flow of information through the various stages of recognition, as shown in Figure 3.1.
▪ Just how great the change has been is perhaps best illustrated by reference to the number of daily commuters into London.
▪ The difference is best illustrated by a case example.
▪ The point is best illustrated by reference to specific examples under the existing United Kingdom constitution.
better
▪ Instead they illustrate better the shifting balance within conglomerates between one media interest and another and secondly, the trend toward internationalization.
▪ Nothing could better illustrate the conservatism of official interests.
▪ Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the current debate over Aids.
▪ No group in Britain better illustrated the gulf between the old professional order and the new Thatcherite ethos.
▪ This is nowhere better illustrated than in the case we used for our basic illustration of good design itself - echolocation.
clearly
▪ This example clearly illustrates the theory dependence and hence fallibility of observation statements.
▪ This is clearly illustrated by the example of a person touching a hot stove.
▪ These principles are clearly illustrated in the following case.
▪ Once again the dominance of computers and whisky is very clearly illustrated.
▪ In fact, as is clearly illustrated by this data, inequalities are relatively consistent throughout childhood.
▪ The position is most clearly illustrated by John Selwyn Gummer.
▪ The conflict is clearly illustrated in the interview with Marilyn Thornton, a plasterer's wife with five children.
graphically
▪ That was most graphically illustrated when Sheffield was arguing about an urban development corporation.
▪ Beyond specific impacts, the property boom graphically illustrated the vulnerability of cities to national economic events beyond their control.
▪ This theoretical division into two cultures is graphically illustrated by Nizan in his practical criticism of other writers.
▪ Exhibit 10. 3 graphically illustrates the cost behavior of inventory costs.
▪ All the information shown in Table 2.2 is illustrated graphically in Fig. 2.8.
here
▪ The system illustrated here comes in easy-to-assemble kit form, and the range includes a neat display shelf.
▪ These beautifully preserved flowers are from the Oeningen deposits like the maple leaf and seeds illustrated here.
▪ The one illustrated here is available from Richard Burbidge.
▪ Yet another rarity turned up the other day and which I illustrate here.
▪ Continuing on the tin-plate theme how about the amazing machine-with-a-difference illustrated here?
▪ They are not illustrated here, because the nature and extent of digestion are the same as illustrated for the first category.
▪ The changes in child benefit advocated here illustrate the nature of the change that will occur.
▪ The wardrobe illustrated here is from the Acme range.
how
▪ Two examples are given here to illustrate how socially useful design could make a fuller and more creative use of new technologies.
▪ Previously, Melville has illustrated how all things can assume multiple meanings.
▪ These tactics illustrate how strategic behaviour can be used to consolidate existing market power.
▪ A brief outline will illustrate how the reforms benefit the average eater.
▪ But it may serve to illustrate how the styles of kungfu that are practised today began.
▪ A Florida controversy illustrates how some courts are applying Connick in schools.
▪ Simply asking these questions illustrates how little we know and understand and therefore how problematic an empathetic response may be.
▪ Jess yells at the ref, moving her hands to illustrate how the Drake player pushed into her.
well
▪ Each stage in the development is well illustrated with examples.
▪ This was well illustrated by station-building and civic pride outside the capital.
▪ These cases illustrate well that treaty reasoning is not dominant in third party situations where there are displacing factors.
▪ These are well illustrated by my own case.
▪ This point was well illustrated in a Church row that once broke over the head of a certain man.
▪ The authors are drawn from the international surface analysis community and all of the material is clearly presented and well illustrated.
▪ This idea of the service city is very well illustrated by recent developments in housing in and around North Shields.
▪ I think this has been well illustrated in the previous chapters - particularly in the case of positivist criminology.
NOUN
approach
▪ A second example illustrates the thrombolytic approach.
▪ Ed, manager of human resource development in a consumer goods company, illustrates such an approach.
▪ I illustrate this approach by discussing the problem of how animals find their way about.
▪ It is not intended to be comprehensive, but should serve to illustrate the approach required. 8.
▪ To illustrate this approach, let me give a very simple example.
▪ The three national clearinghouses illustrate different approaches to the problem.
▪ Only four examples are given here to illustrate this approach. 1 Pay attention to the ends of words.
▪ There are only a few studies with which we can illustrate this approach.
argument
▪ She could illustrate her arguments with clever examples drawn from the real world of commerce.
▪ They could be invoked to illustrate an argument, but they did not present a practical problem of social and political relationship.
▪ The familiar Edgeworth-Bowley trading box can be used to illustrate the argument.
▪ His particular hobby-horse, the feminization of titles, illustrates his argument.
▪ This may be important in assessing how well a writer illustrates an argument.
book
▪ Seven centuries of manuscripts, fine bindings and beautifully illustrated books, will be on display.
▪ However, most famous antiques have been illustrated in books, and Christoffers found a sharp photograph of the chest.
▪ She was meant to be illustrating a new book for children, a fantasy story by a well-known author.
▪ We applaud the men and women who write, illustrate and publish books that help all children learn from history.
▪ Celie and Ponyboy both suffer a sense of loss, and this is illustrated throughout both books.
▪ Over the next thirty years he was to write or illustrate over seventy books.
▪ There was talk of Minton in addition illustrating a book for Elek on South London but nothing ever came of this.
books
▪ Seven centuries of manuscripts, fine bindings and beautifully illustrated books, will be on display.
▪ However, most famous antiques have been illustrated in books, and Christoffers found a sharp photograph of the chest.
▪ Celie and Ponyboy both suffer a sense of loss, and this is illustrated throughout both books.
▪ We applaud the men and women who write, illustrate and publish books that help all children learn from history.
▪ Over the next thirty years he was to write or illustrate over seventy books.
▪ The movement of the tide is well illustrated by the successive books of Monteverdi's madrigals.
case
▪ These three cases illustrate the ways in which non-capitalist and capitalist labor practices are combined on Chimborazo haciendas.
▪ These cases illustrate well that treaty reasoning is not dominant in third party situations where there are displacing factors.
▪ But as the case of Guadelupe illustrates, the reality behind the perception is changing fast.
▪ The driving-unconsciously-while-proving-a-theorem case illustrates that situation well enough.
▪ In this case, as illustrated by our example, there is an additional effect.
▪ We've used an imaginary case history to illustrate them.
▪ The Gingrich case illustrated again the power and the misuse of money in politics.
colour
▪ The Red Sea guide is illustrated with full colour aerial photographs with overlays showing suggested underwater routes.
▪ The exhibition is lavishly illustrated with colour photographs and features a moss garden composed entirely of local Ulster mosses.
▪ Each coat of arms touched on is illustrated in full colour, and the augmentation is blazoned.
▪ It is fully illustrated with colour photographs.
difference
▪ The following interview extract vividly illustrates the perceived difference, in the eyes of one senior manager in an acute unit.
▪ One way to illustrate such a difference is to characterize different relationships between the Symbolic and the Imaginary.
▪ The following tables illustrate this important difference between the current inspection method and the neural network approach.
▪ The geographical distribution of internet hosts further illustrates the wide differences in connectivity between rich and poor countries.
▪ This example illustrates again the important difference between semantic constraints and these sorts of pragmatic constraints.
▪ Their different ethos was illustrated by the difference in the virtues which they celebrated.
▪ This illustrates a difference that was to persIst between the two houses as the program evolved.
difficulty
▪ The partisan jockeying illustrates the difficulties inherent in investigations into campaign fund raising.
▪ An hypothetical example can further illustrate the difficulties.
▪ But the Oregon story also illustrates some of the difficulties that will accompany legislative changes on such a massive scale.
▪ I shall examine one recently published set of materials to illustrate the difficulties that arise with this approach.
▪ Boeing's proposals illustrate the difficulty in coming up with a missile defense system any time soon.
▪ The Galileo affair illustrates a further difficulty for the apologetic use of history.
▪ The approach recommended by the Criminal Law Revision Committee illustrates the difficulties.
effect
▪ The following simple example illustrates the double effect of higher interest rates and higher aircraft prices.
▪ Photographs illustrate the lighting effects in rooms and the yard.
▪ To illustrate the accelerator effect, Table 8.6 and Figure 8.2 take three sports: squash, fishing and table tennis.
▪ In each case the coefficient of diversification was taken to illustrate the effect of size on the reduction of non-market risk.
▪ We shall illustrate the effect with two simpler examples.
▪ You may wish to illustrate the effect on that profit of having 100 beds in stock which were bought at £100.
▪ We illustrate the effects of taxation by considering several examples.
▪ These two cases also illustrate the effect that emotional blocks or upsets can have on the overall health of the individual.
example
▪ This example clearly illustrates the theory dependence and hence fallibility of observation statements.
▪ Jane, the publications coordinator described earlier in this chapter, presented an example illustrating the folly of going by the book.
▪ A few examples will suffice to illustrate the point.
▪ The following examples illustrate the type of situation that could call for the utmost in tact and diplomacy.
▪ Two examples will illustrate the policies that have been adopted by different authorities.
▪ A simple example should serve to illustrate the complexities and the paradoxes of this conflict.
▪ A simple example will illustrate these points.
▪ The following simple example illustrates the double effect of higher interest rates and higher aircraft prices.
fact
▪ The extent to which the Samoan squad has been turned upside down in recent seasons is illustrated by one simple fact.
▪ Various metaphors have illustrated this fact of spiritual life.
▪ To illustrate the fact that punishment only temporarily suppresses behaviour, consider the following incident.
▪ Marriage illustrates another fact about social reward systems.
▪ The extent of their embarrassment over their bonding was illustrated by the fact they'd held it so privately.
figure
▪ The figure illustrates the cumulative ulcer free survival curves of patients randomised to each drug.
▪ Consider Figure 2.2 where we illustrate the shifting by one bit position of a six-bit binary number using two's complement representation.
▪ A simple air pressure control valve as used in aircraft is shown in Figure 7.10 to illustrate the procedure.
▪ These figures illustrate the achievements of this Government's step-by-step industrial relations legislation.
▪ The figure is illustrated with data for the United Kingdom retail banks.
▪ Staff figures illustrate the firm's growth-it used to employ 80 people and now has 650 on the payroll.
history
▪ This is illustrated in the history of the Urban Development Corporations in Britain.
▪ With these he could begin to construct the illustrated history of his subject, starting with a false name.
▪ Avenches illustrates the long history of settlement characteristic of Mittelland.
▪ That this fact was well appreciated by civil and ecclesiastical authorities is illustrated by the history of Our Lady of Einsiedeln.
▪ There are some fine manuscripts illustrating the histories of the county's Saxon churches.
▪ His slides also illustrated the fascinating history of the Gardens and the many beautiful plants in their collections.
▪ In the educational section is a display illustrating the history of gardens through six centuries.
importance
▪ This illustrates the importance of providing investors with products that meet their requirements at low costs.
▪ A recent Governing magazine article about at-risk youth illustrated the importance of a holistic approach.
▪ Two quotes help to illustrate the importance of giving people belief in their own cultural values.
▪ An entrepreneur we talked to illustrates the crucial importance of doing something you really love.
▪ Three examples will illustrate the importance of deciding whether a particular activity ought to be regulated by public law or private law.
▪ Again, to illustrate the importance of themes I have taken an extreme.
▪ The following problem in the law of contract illustrates the importance of this.
method
▪ We will illustrate the method by solving P2.
▪ I shall spend the rest of this book illustrating how the new method works.
▪ A simple example using only two bands is used to illustrate the method.
▪ We illustrate below one direct method.
▪ To illustrate the partial fraction method, suppose that the inverse Laplace transform of the simple function is needed.
▪ To illustrate these methods consider the simple example of the flow of people into a football ground.
photograph
▪ A wide selection from the museum's collection is illustrated in beautiful photographs by Ferrazzini.
▪ Many books on art were illustrated with actual photographs in those years.
▪ The exhibition is lavishly illustrated with colour photographs and features a moss garden composed entirely of local Ulster mosses.
▪ Somewhere along the way the book turned into a chronicle of family stories, illustrated with family photographs.
▪ The Activity Book is in full colour and is heavily illustrated with photographs of scenes from the video.
▪ Both are lavishly illustrated throughout with period photographs and technical drawings.
▪ It is fully illustrated with colour photographs.
point
▪ Significantly, your photograph alongside Coun Williams' letter, illustrates this point more eloquently than words.
▪ But he illustrates his points with telling anecdotes that make good, and fast, reading.
▪ I simply wish to illustrate my point.
▪ A tale of two telephone companies illustrates the point.
▪ The development of the gut illustrates the point.
▪ Both Kemp and Gore referred to real life people to illustrate their points.
▪ The diagram below illustrates this point.
▪ They are too numerous to record herewith, but I shall take just one or two to illustrate the point under discussion.
points
▪ Are photographs of children at work shown or even videos used to illustrate points made in reports?
▪ But he illustrates his points with telling anecdotes that make good, and fast, reading.
▪ An example will illustrate these points.
▪ Table 5-1 will help illustrate these points.
▪ Both Kemp and Gore referred to real life people to illustrate their points.
▪ Carlo Cipolla's Miasmas and Disease illustrates these points in minute and narrow-ranging detail.
principle
▪ They illustrate the principle of allometry; that an animal's relative proportions may change as it increases in size.
▪ Two of these differences serve to illustrate the principle.
▪ The chief importance of the cases is that they illustrate general principles.
▪ They use everyday consumers to illustrate successful principles of investing.
▪ Using this to illustrate management principles may help clinical nurses to question, understand and adapt constructively to these changes.
▪ A forum with four pastors on divorce and remarriage in Leadership Journal illustrates this principle well.
▪ The nature of the meetings is illustrated in principle in Figure 1.1, in terms of the interactions between functions.
▪ The women use their personal philosophy and experiences to illustrate fundamental principles of financial planning.
problem
▪ The following text illustrates the kind of problem that the pronominal function of gender can pose in translation.
▪ Michael Hammer and james Champy, the two foremost apostles of reengineering, tell a story that illustrates the problem.
▪ We will illustrate the problem using a number of summary measures of the state of the firm typically used by analysts.
▪ Keyfitz uses world fisheries to illustrate the problem of communication.
▪ The following example illustrates the problems involved here.
▪ The quotation from Glucksberg and Danks illustrates the first problem.
▪ In order to illustrate the procedure and problems of designing a simulation an example of changes in a human population will be taken.
▪ Exhibit 13. 5 illustrates the problem.
process
▪ The following example illustrates this process.
▪ Exhibit 11. 5 illustrates this process.
▪ From a large body of material, two interviewees have been selected to illustrate these twin processes at the macro- and micro-scales.
▪ Exhibit 7. 6 illustrates the overall process.
▪ A few case studies illustrate the process.
▪ Figure 4-2 shows the same summing procedure graphically, using only the $ 3 price to illustrate the adding-up process.
▪ The development of a new computer at Data General illustrates the process of team building.
▪ Exhibit 13. 2 illustrates this process.
reference
▪ The effect of each change is illustrated in detailed reference to the texts.
▪ These levels can be illustrated with reference to the example of these lectures.
▪ We can illustrate this by reference to a basic and familiar area of human social experience, courtship and marriage.
▪ To illustrate the paradigm, reference is made to an alcohol education course developed for offenders in trouble through drink.
▪ Explain the potential significance of each factor, illustrating your answer by reference to products and/or markets of your own choice.
▪ The use of the method on a single site has been illustrated by reference to the Gatecliff Shelter, Nevada.
▪ Coleridge illustrates his points with reference and quotation which reveal how deeply and thoroughly Wordsworth's poems have permeated his thinking.
▪ This is illustrated by reference to teachers' responses to various externally sponsored innovations and the teachers' pay dispute of 1985-86.
relationship
▪ Let me return to my own experiences to illustrate the relationship between pure and graduated separatism.
▪ The following illustrates one relationship and the unfortunate outcomes of hypercritical efforts to make a child successful.
▪ Figure A illustrates the various legal relationships in which professional caterers might find themselves.
▪ The previous cases illustrate this relationship.
situation
▪ The following examples illustrate the type of situation that could call for the utmost in tact and diplomacy.
▪ Cell I illustrates the situation where the government chooses continued hard-line rule and the opposition openly confronts the government.
▪ The driving-unconsciously-while-proving-a-theorem case illustrates that situation well enough.
▪ Figure la illustrates the situation in the collapsing stage.
▪ The following case summary illustrates a situation where this was necessary.
▪ The following case example illustrates a situation where such an admission seemed appropriate.
▪ The drawing illustrates a situation where heavy hidden costs arise just when everyone is happy that the project is nearing completion.
story
▪ The sounds in sentences subtest involves the child being told a story which is illustrated with pictures.
▪ As the story illustrates, however the biases did not fit the challenge of managing performance and change at Iberian Motors.
▪ These stories illustrate the central paradox of town-country relations.
▪ The story was meant to illustrate several things at once.
▪ Robin Cranko tells a story illustrating Herbert's sense of business opportunity.
▪ One evening at supper he told a story illustrating his refusal to tolerate the insolence of the lower classes.
▪ The boat and tide story can illustrate another source of illusion.
▪ Michael Hammer and james Champy, the two foremost apostles of reengineering, tell a story that illustrates the problem.
study
▪ A case in the feasibility study illustrates this type of work.
▪ A study of Kent has illustrated this.
▪ Two case studies will illustrate these ideas.
▪ A comparison of these studies illustrates clearly their various contributions to the study social movements.
▪ To understand this process further, the following case study will illustrate the dialogue and action process.
▪ A selection of case studies was reported, illustrating the mixed results that emerge from apparently similar projects.
▪ The three case studies illustrate different aspects of mass communication and society.
▪ The following case study illustrates some of the points covered above in the selection of appropriate software.
table
▪ The retail commercial banks' assets are illustrated in Table 3.
▪ A typical format is illustrated in Table 3.6.
▪ These basic concepts are illustrated in Table 9-2, and in Figs. 9-1 and 9-2.
▪ This fact is illustrated in Table 2.4.
▪ The types of injuries and the methods used vary widely, as is illustrated in Table 13.
▪ These are illustrated in Table 1. 11.
▪ These comparisons are illustrated in the table 3.2 below.
use
▪ The foundation of the work is the collection of quotations illustrating the meaning and use of words.
▪ Periodically he will explain a rule or illustrate its use on the blackboard.
▪ Some examples which illustrate successful and unsuccessful uses of these methods on Modular Course evaluation projects may be helpful.
▪ The Cutler Toy Company will be used to illustrate the use of a short-term financial planning and control system.
VERB
serve
▪ Two of these differences serve to illustrate the principle.
▪ A simple example should serve to illustrate the complexities and the paradoxes of this conflict.
▪ Instead, we concentrate upon some key components and examples, which serve to illustrate the issues and problems involved.
▪ One specific case will serve to illustrate the proof of this theorem.
▪ But it may serve to illustrate how the styles of kungfu that are practised today began.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ As this story illustrates, some stars have become as bored as audiences by Hollywood extravagance.
▪ Pictures illustrate some of the ways in which rocks are formed.
▪ The book was illustrated by Robert May.
▪ The experiment illustrates how careful you have to be when interpreting results.
▪ This point can be illustrated by two brief examples.
▪ This story illustrates how important the family is in Latin American culture.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A recent Governing magazine article about at-risk youth illustrated the importance of a holistic approach.
▪ Figure la illustrates the situation in the collapsing stage.
▪ In this chapter typical examples of the kinds of fossils most commonly encountered are illustrated by beautiful specimens.
▪ Now she has illustrated a second, equally funny story about the time the maiden Belinda is captured by a wicked knight.
▪ Shelton has a talent for using the specific to illustrate the universal.
▪ The brochure is beautifully laid out and illustrated reflecting the quality image of Stoddard Templeton.
▪ The family history illustrates the point.
▪ These, referred to in his diary, may just have been to illustrate special copies of other authors' guide books.