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Từ điển LongMan Dictionary
curriculum
cur‧ric‧u‧lum/kəˈrɪkjələm, kəˈrɪkjʊləm/ noun (plural curricula /-lə/ or curriculums) [COUNTABLE] [date : 1800-1900; Language : Modern Latin; Origin : Latin, 'running, course', from currere; ⇨ current1] the subjects that are taught by a school, college etc, or the things that are studied in a particular subject: ▪ Languages are an essential part of the school curriculum. ▪ curriculum planning on the curriculum British English: ▪ IT is now on the curriculum in most schools. in the curriculum American English: ▪ Students are exempt from some classes in the curriculum for religious reasons. ⇨ syllabus • • • COLLOCATIONS ADJECTIVES/NOUN + curriculum ▪the school curriculum ▪ The children carried out the project as part of the school curriculum. ▪the National Curriculum (=the curriculum set by the government for schools in England and Wales) ▪the primary/secondary/high school etc curriculum (=for particular ages at school) ▪the undergraduate curriculum (=for a first degree at university or college) ▪the science/maths/history etc curriculum ▪ The English curriculum is divided into Language and Literature. ▪a core/common curriculum (=the subjects that everyone must study because they are considered very important) ▪ There has been a lot of debate on the content of the core curriculum. ▪an academic curriculum (=involving studying from books, not practical subjects) ▪ They unquestioningly accept the traditional academic curriculum. ▪a broad/broad-based/wide curriculum (=involving a wide range of different types of subjects) ▪ The school provides a broad curriculum with a rich choice of learning opportunities. ▪balanced (=with a mix of academic and practical subjects) ▪ We want to ensure a balanced curriculum for all pupils. ▪narrow (=not broad enough) ▪ Many teachers complained that the new curriculum was too narrow. verbs ▪plan/develop/design a curriculum ▪ Fifty academics have been involved in developing the new school curriculum. ▪follow a curriculum (=study the subjects that are in a curriculum) ▪ Five-year-olds now follow the National Curriculum.
noun COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES a broad curriculum (=one that includes a range of subjects) ▪ Students are encouraged to follow a broad curriculum in the first year. curriculum vitae National Curriculum the school curriculum ▪ Head teachers were asked to incorporate road safety education in the school curriculum. COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS ADJECTIVE broad ▪ All these strategies have the potential to involve all pupils in mathematical challenge, enabling them to engage in a broader curriculum. ▪ They called for a broader curriculum in a survey that revealed that 14 percent believe bank loans are interest-free. ▪ More staff may mean a broader curriculum. hidden ▪ Do schools pay sufficient attention to the match between the taught health education curriculum and the hidden curriculum of the school ethos? ▪ Second, because its hidden curriculum can be just as undermining to our real intentions as that of the former withdrawal system. ▪ The interaction of the elements in figure 5.1 will determine the outcomes of both the stated and the hidden curriculum. ▪ In addition values and attitudes are considered since they are apparent in both the formal and hidden curriculum. ▪ In consequence, these objectives have been relegated, in many cases, to the hidden curriculum and pastoral concerns. national ▪ The inventors of the national curriculum seemed not to have thought about how it would be funded, he claimed. ▪ Subject staff were asked about the resources available for national curriculum work. ▪ The second way in which national guidelines for curriculum policy have emerged is through conferences, reviews or national commissions. ▪ The moratorium on national curriculum change gives a small opportunity for professional development courses to grow. ▪ Not all subjects are changing at the same pace although the national curriculum will in time no doubt reach some kind of consistency. ▪ It seems sensible for the inspectorate to maintain that national curriculum. ▪ There are certain characteristics that any national curriculum should have. ▪ He would have liked the science national curriculum. new ▪ Also the day-to-day work of schools and the task of assessing pupils assumed a higher importance than the development of new curriculum. ▪ The coordinators are all experienced teachers who are responsible for working with their colleagues to develop new curriculum and programs. ▪ With the advent of the new national curriculum, these materials should be in use in every science classroom. ▪ The new history curriculum for the senior forms poses difficult problems. ▪ Working with industry, educators designed a new curriculum that was co-taught by a team of academic and occupational teachers. ▪ Most of the time the new national curriculum will itself prevent controversy arising. ▪ Why will the social sciences not figure more largely in the new curriculum for the 21st century? official ▪ The effect of this system on both the official and actual curriculum in schools is examined in later chapters. ▪ We commonly and erroneously assume the syllabus document to be the core of any official curriculum in schools. ▪ It is only one of a number of instruments which express the official curriculum. ▪ To the average teacher in the average school the official curriculum plan is unattainable. ▪ Clearly all these structural changes are vital determinants of the official curriculum. primary ▪ Such a policy adds an entirely new dimension to the primary school curriculum and its planning. ▪ They are instruments for national survival and should be woven into the whole fabric of the primary school curriculum. ▪ All too often headmasters, teachers and parents are ill-informed about intended changes in primary curriculum programmes. ▪ A small primary curriculum steering committee, perhaps. ▪ This chapter will attempt to analyse some of the possibilities for the teaching of information skills in the primary school curriculum. ▪ He then goes on to outline some examples for the primary school curriculum. ▪ As: The primary mathematics curriculum was arithmetic. undergraduate ▪ The undergraduate curriculum could be otherwise. ▪ However, Figure 2.1 does seem to clarify several aspects of the undergraduate curriculum at a more practical level. ▪ These changes are reflected in an evolving undergraduate curriculum. ▪ Philosophy, in the undergraduate curriculum, can be regarded in two ways. ▪ There are thus general if disputed boundaries to the undergraduate curriculum as currently conceived. ▪ Subsequent centuries brought more layers of thought and tradition to ideas about the undergraduate curriculum. ▪ It is simply undesirable for there to be a direct transfer of research findings into the curriculum, particularly the undergraduate curriculum. ▪ The language for talking about the undergraduate curriculum already exists; it is a matter of using it. whole ▪ Religious Education should provide the context for and substantially influence the whole school curriculum. ▪ This process continues in secondary school, where oral communication remains an essential part in the learning process across the whole curriculum. ▪ His Technique became fundamental to the whole school curriculum. ▪ Numerous visits both to the school and out to the partners are taking place across the whole curriculum. ▪ The general lack of attention to whole curriculum issues has resulted in what Becher and Maclure call fragmentation. ▪ A substantial section of the report is devoted to the curriculum as a whole and to whole curriculum planning. ▪ This it did in terms of the effect on the whole curriculum, and on individual subjects. ▪ In 1983 the whole curriculum for pupils aged 12-16 was reviewed through the production of two important documents. NOUN area ▪ The norm, as we have noted, was for different groups to be working in different curriculum areas simultaneously. ▪ The reflective process often involves work in other curriculum areas, be it discussion, writing, artwork, computer programming. ▪ Many of the practical examples given in this book contain reference to work in other curriculum areas. ▪ The following brief notes are indications as to how one might use drama both to stimulate and support work in specific curriculum areas. ▪ Drama can be a powerful force for motivating and enhancing work in every curriculum area. ▪ The questions are divided into curriculum areas. ▪ Although the work began life as a historical project, it involved work in most curriculum areas. change ▪ In some degree, all these processes take place wherever a curriculum changes. ▪ But how much real curriculum change has there been this century? ▪ Now sadder but wiser, we are prepared to admit that the implementation of curriculum change is a complicated business. ▪ The moratorium on national curriculum change gives a small opportunity for professional development courses to grow. ▪ By contrast, the norm for curriculum change is for it to occur piecemeal and gradually over long periods. ▪ Certainly owing to curriculum changes and other factors the numbers are small. ▪ This is the dichotomy that must be used to form a framework within which any curriculum change must be placed. ▪ The project is therefore also an exercise in the development of teaching techniques and curriculum change. content ▪ It sought continually to encourage teachers to reevaluate classroom practice - both in curriculum content and methodology. ▪ Stressing the individuality of the school is vital, particularly now that the National Curriculum gives a uniformity to curriculum content. ▪ The document was divided into sections concerning curriculum content, overlap, teaching methods, relevance, and evaluation. ▪ I believe that the focus of attention is shifting from curriculum content to how best to teach science. ▪ How many items were there that centred on curriculum content and administration matters and how many focussed on individuals? ▪ The first consisted of an analysis of curriculum content and teaching methods conducted by questionnaire. core ▪ New elements will ease their way into the core curriculum. ▪ But it is not a core curriculum like that being touted by test-and-measure statehouse reformers. ▪ Once in the classroom the teacher is restricted by the core curriculum and general workload and lack of equipment. ▪ Every student must pass through an extensive core curriculum, including courses such as World Humanities 101. ▪ This could be construed as a tailor-made curriculum, which can not be developed into a generic or core curriculum. ▪ But some professors say library purchases have been cut and they have not been given the promised resources for the core curriculum. ▪ And it was certainly an improvement on my thoughts about the core curriculum. ▪ In schools that expect all students to take a core curriculum, students achieve more. development ▪ However, although the director had talked about curriculum development the emphasis was very much on the accountability dimension. ▪ There were nation-wide curriculum development projects in language, play, and early mathematics which involved thousands of teachers. ▪ We suggest that curriculum development groups should not be responsible for the distribution and support of software at this level. ▪ Accordingly, curriculum development involves specifying educational goals and selecting appropriate learning contexts in which those goals can be pursued. ▪ Teacher research is seen as a powerful means of bringing about effective curriculum development and promoting children's learning. ▪ As with all curriculum development there are many questions to be raised and pitfalls to try to avoid. material ▪ This is in spite of the existence of clearly articulated curriculum materials and guidelines. ▪ Into this category I put such obvious improvements as eliminating sexism from textbooks, other curriculum materials and examinations. ▪ Hence, subject and support teachers will need to develop expertise in modifying curriculum materials and managing behaviour problems. mathematics ▪ I often ask to see rough work from other areas of the mathematics curriculum. ▪ We are long overdue for a complete overhaul of the mathematics curriculum at all levels. ▪ The principles of design which emerge from this development will be available for application to further areas of the mathematics curriculum. ▪ The mathematics curriculum is much broader now than it was at the time of the 11+. ▪ At Thomas Buxton school developing our mathematics curriculum is a continuing process. ▪ It is against this background that we turn to the mathematics curriculum and ask what mathematics is relevant to real life. ▪ As: The primary mathematics curriculum was arithmetic. planning ▪ Again there is a considerable literature on the use of aims and objectives in curriculum planning that casts doubts on its efficacy. ▪ The arguments for and against this approach to curriculum planning and evaluation are well documented elsewhere. ▪ Most important is discussion of curriculum planning and curriculum carrying-out by you and your governing body. ▪ Before asking whether others should be involved, however, it is worth asking if teachers are presently involved in curriculum planning. ▪ In two other respects certain Institutes developed important machinery for curriculum planning. ▪ They are all part of that continuing process of gaining experience in rational curriculum planning which forms the theme of this book. ▪ The international evidence of teacher involvement in curriculum planning indicates little possibility for ordinary teachers. ▪ This is easy for lecturers to forget in the concern with syllabuses, materials and all the paperwork that curriculum planning involves. policy ▪ The second way in which national guidelines for curriculum policy have emerged is through conferences, reviews or national commissions. ▪ For many years there was no whole-school curriculum policy at Sutton. ▪ Thus subject departments and individual teachers are to be involved in forming curriculum policies rather than having rights over such policies. ▪ The Authority's curriculum policies produced various responses from heads and teachers. ▪ These aims were to be used as a checklist to test curriculum policies. ▪ Again LEAs were requested to draw up curriculum policies and schools were expected to set out their aims in writing. school ▪ Such a policy adds an entirely new dimension to the primary school curriculum and its planning. ▪ So things have changed, and the change is reflected, as Snow would have wished, in the school curriculum. ▪ Religious Education should provide the context for and substantially influence the whole school curriculum. ▪ It also provides opportunities for pupils to develop vital skills and learning strategies that can be applied across the school curriculum. ▪ The guiding assumption was that the school curriculum should differ according to the ability of the child who would follow it. ▪ First and most importantly, there is the time and commitment which people from industry put into supporting the school curriculum. ▪ Even the school curriculum has been closely scrutinised in its national form. ▪ The last reform on this front centres on the school curriculum. science ▪ She was called to Kigali for a meeting to reform the science curriculum for students doing vocational courses. ▪ Thus they escape the naturalistic science curriculum of the vast majority of public institutions at the primary, secondary and collegiate levels. ▪ But the new Headmaster did not try to turn the School into a Technical School with a full science curriculum. ▪ Quantum mechanics, although now eighty years old, has shown no signs of transforming the school science curriculum. ▪ This range covers most areas of the science curriculum, with Patterns in Chemistry and Electricity and Magnetism to follow. vitae ▪ One Harvard dealer had registered with an employment agency which stupidly sent his curriculum vitae to Harvard. ▪ He gave me his curriculum vitae in short order. ▪ Although largely unknown in Britain, Lafaille has an impressive rock climbing curriculum vitae. ▪ That was a new paragraph for her curriculum vitae. ▪ That kind of curriculum vitae brings a reward in terms of career advancement, with the inevitable monetary gains. ▪ Miss Braithwaite had picked up the gap in Hereward's curriculum vitae fast enough. ▪ Last year I ran it because it was missing from my curriculum vitae. ▪ Merrill's fingers closed over the bulkier envelope containing her curriculum vitae and references. VERB develop ▪ The head has a clear dilemma: it is possible to lead staff in developing a curriculum in quite different directions. ▪ The coordinators are all experienced teachers who are responsible for working with their colleagues to develop new curriculum and programs. ▪ Our first thought might be that the easy way out is to develop a subject-orientated curriculum. ▪ The teachers still must develop a curriculum. ▪ Siemens worked with teachers at the school to develop a curriculum that combines physics and electronics. ▪ At Thomas Buxton school developing our mathematics curriculum is a continuing process. follow ▪ During the final year, students follow the curriculum for either the general degree or the honours degree. ▪ Can a teacher refuse to follow the curriculum if the refusal is based on religious objections? ▪ But there are also advantages to a school district following a standard math curriculum. ▪ Moreover, students were to follow the prescribed curriculum, which included holiday observances, songs, and patriotic exercises. ▪ For example, must teachers and students salute the flag or follow the curriculum if doing so violates their religious beliefs? ▪ Because of my ongoing involvement, almost every teacher in the school may follow this one curriculum guide. provide ▪ To overcome these problems, small schools in some rural areas have formed cooperative clusters whereby teachers provide curriculum support for each other. ▪ Their qualifications depend on their willingness to provide the prescribed curriculum for children in their classes. ▪ Unfortunately, in the past girls' schools did not provide the same curriculum options as boys' schools or mixed schools. ▪ There are also private parochial schools that provide a more rigorous curriculum. ▪ Once resources have been obtained, they would be organised to provide the College curriculum, and ensure the necessary non-teaching support. teach ▪ To assume that teaching them a fragmented curriculum will lead them to a unified sense of place and person is unrealistic. ▪ Teachers collaborating in the research teach the curriculum unit in the school. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES core curriculum/subjects/skills etc ▪ And it was certainly an improvement on my thoughts about the core curriculum. ▪ Every student must pass through an extensive core curriculum, including courses such as World Humanities 101. ▪ In designing the programme, we have tried to emphasise the vocational aspects of the core skills modules wherever possible. ▪ In schools that expect all students to take a core curriculum, students achieve more. ▪ In the school system, aspects of core skills were present in the Munn curriculum, introduced in the late 1970s. ▪ Once in the classroom the teacher is restricted by the core curriculum and general workload and lack of equipment. ▪ This could be construed as a tailor-made curriculum, which can not be developed into a generic or core curriculum. the National Curriculum EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES ▪ Are politicians the best people to be developing the educational curriculum? ▪ changes to the school curriculum ▪ The curriculum includes art and music classes. ▪ We cover the curriculum by choosing things the kids will be interested in. EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS ▪ Fieldwork is an integral part of the curriculum and may include a foreign field course in third year. ▪ If education is about anything, it is surely about what is taught: the curriculum. ▪ On the other hand, one of the curriculum guides may represent the ideas that are especially important to me. ▪ That fact alone should have indicated something to parents about the curriculum in that school. ▪ The curriculum includes an eight-week work-based experience. ▪ The domination of the curriculum by subjects classically defined was, indeed, the most obvious feature of the grammar-school curriculum. ▪ The next issue is closely related to the value issues involved in curriculum review. ▪ Why will the social sciences not figure more largely in the new curriculum for the 21st century?
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