Tra từ refer - Từ điển LongMan Dictionary

re‧fer S1 W1 /rɪˈfɜː $ -ɜːr/ verb (past tense and past participle referred, present participle referring)
[Word Family: verb: refer, referee, reference; noun: referee, reference, referral; adjective: referable]
[date : 1300-1400; Language : Latin; Origin : referre 'to bring back, report, refer', from ferre 'to carry']
refer to somebody/something phrasal verb
1. to mention or speak about someone or something:
　 ▪ We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
　 ▪ Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.
refer to somebody/something as
　 ▪ He likes to be referred to as ‘Doctor Khee’.
refer to somebody/something by
　 ▪ The hospital now refers to patients by name, not case number.

2. to look at a book, map, piece of paper etc for information:
　 ▪ He gave the speech without referring to his notes.

3. if a statement, number, report etc refers to someone or something, it is about that person or thing:
　 ▪ The figures refer to our sales in Europe.

4. refer somebody/something to somebody
to send someone or something to a person or organization to be helped or dealt with:
　 ▪ My doctor is referring me to a dermatologist.
　 ▪ My complaint was referred to the manufacturers.

5. refer somebody to something
formal to tell someone where to find information:
　 ▪ Readers are referred to the bibliography for further information.

verb
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
ADVERB
also
▪ The citations also refer to the provisions on which the measure is based.
▪ We also refer to one factor of production as labor and to the other as capital.
▪ Pyrenees may also refer to small ewes' milk cheeses that are produced in the same area.
▪ Such brochures also refer to two other types of valuation or survey.
▪ In some chapters the authors also refer back to earlier volumes in the series for a more detailed discussion of theoretical issues.
▪ I also refer you to the Sub-Regional Engineer's letter reply of 2 March 1990.
▪ Police in this country will also refer your friend to rape crisis centres and victim support agencies.
▪ Flat-footed and high arches also refer to foot type.
back
▪ This saves them having to refer back and forth between their message and your answer.
▪ Note the Heading and then refer back to the localiser.
▪ Here, we can perhaps refer back to the discussion of graduate employment presented early in the chapter.
▪ I refer back to my earlier remarks about classroom organisation.
▪ In some chapters the authors also refer back to earlier volumes in the series for a more detailed discussion of theoretical issues.
▪ Most of these refer back to the content of the video but repeat viewing is not suggested.
▪ We will refer back to these examples later in the book.
often
▪ Advertisements for houses for sale often refer to their proximity to Buzz, Go and EasyJet destinations.
▪ Students and teachers often refer to the academies as an extended family.
▪ Writers often refer to uneven development between sectors, for example, or between firms within a sector.
▪ It is interesting to note that we often refer to the training rather than education of language teachers.
only
▪ Yet these painted colours refer only rather loosely to the ten colour-terms listed in the text.
▪ Instead. these people only refer to farmers when there is news like a food scare to react to.
▪ The numbers refer only to mergers of large companies where assets worth over 5 are acquired through the merger.
▪ Which need not refer only to Pericles, though the historian can not have forgotten him.
▪ I will only refer to 2 projects in the short time available.
▪ Estimates refer only to the cost of allocative inefficiency.
▪ For the face as simulacrum can only refer us to yet another image, there being no true face behind the mask.
▪ Such relations only refer to the name of the referenced module.
please
▪ Hotel Amenities Please refer to page 154 for a guide to the bedroom amenities and public facilities of the hotels featured here.
▪ Please refer to the back cover of this brochure for more details.
▪ Please refer to the individual hotel descriptions for full details.
▪ Please refer to our tariff of charges for details of these services.
▪ Please refer to the catalogue for the full range of products available.
to
▪ The first of these we might refer to as appraisal.
▪ The last component of the rainbow coalition that I want to refer to is feminism.
▪ The media are obviously hard up for stories because they seem interested in what they refer to as our overcrowding problems here.
▪ The exemption you refer to certainly needs clarification.
▪ The habitat I refer to, as you may have guessed, is the garden.
▪ What does all this refer to in the third sentence?
▪ This political response is what I refer to as labourism.
▪ Secondly, it causes the lights to be surrounded by a ring of light, which I refer to as their halo.
NOUN
case
▪ But he has now refused either to grant the long-expected pardon or refer the case back to the Court of Appeal.
▪ Our discussion will refer particularly to the case in Fig. 24.2.
▪ I refer to the case of Mustapha Akkawi, who was killed after being tortured in prison just over a week ago.
▪ Attempts are also being made to refer the more difficult cases to foster families.
▪ The judge refused to refer the case back to magistrates.
▪ It can not refer to individual cases.
dispute
▪ Consider the case of two people who refer a dispute to an arbitrator.
▪ Normal practice is to refer the matters in dispute to an independent accountant.
friend
▪ Police in this country will also refer your friend to rape crisis centres and victim support agencies.
gentleman
▪ I refer the hon. Gentleman to the reply that I gave some moments ago.
▪ I refer, gentlemen, to the developing decline and fall of the Galactic Empire.
letter
▪ The vendor should be required to refer in the disclosure letter to the reason why the documents have been disclosed.
matter
▪ I have no desire to rake over the past but we should have the right to refer to matters of historical record.
▪ It was finally decided to refer the matter to the departmental assemblies.
▪ The supervisor must then refer the matter to the court which may make an order cancelling or varying the treatment requirement.
▪ You said that you would refer the matter to the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis.
▪ How can we refer this matter?
▪ Of course, the parameters that determine the drop's energy refer to nuclear matter and not to any familiar liquid.
▪ Normal practice is to refer the matters in dispute to an independent accountant.
minister
▪ The Minister refused to refer a complaint to the committee and the complainant sought mandamus.
numbers
▪ The numbers refer only to mergers of large companies where assets worth over 5 are acquired through the merger.
▪ Real numbers refer to a mathematical idealization rather than to any actual physically objective quantity.
▪ The numbers in her text refer to footnotes in which she spears the novelist with chapter and verse.
▪ Numbers to the right of each row refer to the nucleotide position, numbers to the left refer to amino acids.
▪ Page numbers refer to this brochure.
▪ All mandibular numbers in the tables refer to half mandibles, as for maxillae.
section
▪ To rectify a problem you should refer to Section 6 - Design Change System.
▪ This bizarre combat is a very dangerous one - refer to the Profiles section.
▪ For further information on the Design Change System, refer to Section 6 of this manual.
▪ For further information on Issues and Products, refer to Section 9 of this manual.
▪ Both letters refer to a small section of between the end of the footway and the start of the flood bank proper.
term
▪ In the present context, we are using these terms to refer to phonetic characteristics of syllables.
▪ The various terms refer to the types of oar used, or the number of strokers involved.
▪ A joint communiqué issued after the meetings was couched in general terms and did not refer to the cessation of hostilities.
▪ To what, then, might the term feminine economy refer?
▪ Both terms refer to styles of depicting the arms of spouses on a single shield.
▪ Using the terms that more accurately refer to the present career realities, these people have all turned themselves into businesses.
▪ We shall use the term secondary radiation to refer to radiation coming from or absorbed in a plant.
▪ These terms usually refer to a public company whose shares were bought up by a small group.
word
▪ I like to understand the meanings of words and always refer to a dictionary when I come on a new word.
▪ To whom could her words refer?
▪ We do not, for example, tend to have words which refer to both sentient beings and to events.
▪ The primary significance of the words which refer to the bread seems to belong to the image of the messianic kingdom.
▪ Formerly, the Anglo-Saxon words were used to refer to both the meat and the animals.
VERB
use
▪ In the present context, we are using these terms to refer to phonetic characteristics of syllables.
▪ It can be used to refer to some one who is physically or temperamentally very ugly: a real MEESkait.
▪ Strictly speaking, this should be used to refer to an auditory sensation experienced by the hearer.
▪ These are later used to refer to specific citations in the text.
▪ A demonstrative is used to refer to a temporal aspect.
▪ It also explains how we can use a name to refer literally to things that bear that name.
▪ In practice, the word seems to be used mostly to refer to animal sonar.
▪ It was Adam Smith, interestingly, who first used industry to refer to manufacturing and other productive activities.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Did he refer to the high standards of social protection in this country?
▪ Only ten refer - usually more briefly - to their elderly parents, and only eight to their own ageing.
▪ The commanders can not actually see what Lord Raglan intends to refer to.
▪ The exemption you refer to certainly needs clarification.
▪ We shall therefore refer to it as the Fundamental Theorem of Vector Programming.
▪ What does all this refer to in the third sentence?