Tra từ offence - Từ điển LongMan Dictionary

of‧fence S3 W2 British English, offense American English /əˈfens/ noun
[Word Family: noun: OFFENSE/OFFENSE, offender, offensive, offensiveness; adjective: offensive ≠ inoffensive, offended, offending; verb: offend; adverb: offensively]
1. [COUNTABLE]
an illegal action or a crime:
　 ▪ His solicitor said he committed the offence because he was heavily in debt.
offence against
　 ▪ sexual offences against children

2. [UNCOUNTABLE]
when you offend or upset someone by something you do or say
cause/give offence
　 ▪ The problem was how to say ‘no’ to her without causing offence.
　 ▪ Don’t be upset by what he said; he meant no offence (=did not intend to offend anyone).

3. no offence
spoken used to tell someone that you hope that what you are going to say or do will not offend them:
　 ▪ No offense, but this cheese tastes like rubber.

4. take offence (at something)
to feel offended because of something someone says or does:
　 ▪ I think he took offence at my lack of enthusiasm.

5. [UNCOUNTABLE]
formal the act of attacking:
　 ▪ the weapon of offence used during the attack
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
verbs
▪commit an offence (=do something that is against the law)
　 ▪ He had committed the offence of dangerous driving.
▪charge somebody with an offence
　 ▪ In that year, 367 people were charged with terrorist offences.
▪convict somebody of an offence (=say officially that they are guilty)
　 ▪ The number of women convicted of serious offences is fairly small.
▪admit an offence
　 ▪ He had admitted sex offences against children.
phrases
▪it is an offence to do something
　 ▪ It is an offence to carry a weapon in a public place.
▪an offence punishable by/with something
　 ▪ Possession of the drug is an offence punishable by up to one year’s imprisonment.
▪make something an offence/make it an offence to do something
　 ▪ The Act made it an offence to sell cigarettes to children under 16.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + offence
▪a criminal offence
　 ▪ It is a criminal offence to sell alcohol to someone under the age of 18.
▪a serious offence
　 ▪ serious offences such as murder or armed robbery
▪a minor offence
　 ▪ The police cautioned him for a minor offence.
▪a first offence
　 ▪ Because it was a first offence, she was not sent to prison.
▪a lesser offence (=one that is not as serious as another offence)
　 ▪ For rioting you can receive ten years in prison, while for the lesser offence of violent disorder you can receive five years in prison.
▪a federal offense American English (=a very serious offence against the law of the US, rather than against a state’s law)
　 ▪ The turtles are rare, and it is a federal offense to take them to another state.
▪a driving/parking/traffic offence
　 ▪ Speeding is the most common traffic offence.
▪a sex/drug/terrorist etc offence
　 ▪ Thirty-three people were charged with drug offences.
▪a punishable offence (=one that you can be punished for)
　 ▪ Lying in court is a punishable offense.
▪a capital offence (=one for which death is the punishment)
　 ▪ Drug smuggling was made a capital offense in 1987.
▪an arrestable/indictable offence (=one that you can be arrested for or must go to court for)
　 ▪ Indictable offences are tried by a jury in a Crown Court.
• • •
THESAURUS
illegal actions
▪crime noun [UNCOUNTABLE AND COUNTABLE]an illegal action or activity, or these actions in general :
　 ▪ The police need the public’s help to solve crimes.
　 ▪ Crime is on the increase.
　 ▪ It was a horrific crime.
▪offence British English, offense American English noun [COUNTABLE]a crime, especially one that has a particular description and name in law :
　 ▪ It is an offence to drive while using a mobile phone.
　 ▪ a minor offence (=one that is not serious)
　 ▪ a serious offence
　 ▪ a parking offence
▪misdemeanor noun [COUNTABLE] American English law a crime that is not very serious :
　 ▪ They pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor and were fined.
▪felony noun [UNCOUNTABLE AND COUNTABLE] especially American English law a serious crime :
　 ▪ Fewer than 25 percent of the people arrested on felony charges are convicted.
　 ▪ He committed a series of violent felonies.

noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a criminal offence/act (=a crime)
▪ Cruelty to animals is a criminal offence.
a driving offence (=an action that breaks the laws on driving)
▪ He had to appear in court for a driving offence.
a drug offence (=a crime related to having or selling drugs)
▪ Luciani is serving 20 years for drug offences.
a serious crime/offence
▪ Kidnapping is a serious crime.
alleged offence/crime/incident etc
▪ their alleged involvement in international terrorism
▪ The alleged victim made the complaint at a police station in York.
cause offence/embarrassment (=offend/embarrass someone)
▪ How can I refuse the invitation without causing offence?
commit a crime/offence
▪ People who commit crimes end up in jail.
compound a crime/an offence etc
▪ He compounded the offence by calling his opponents liars.
mean no harm/offence/disrespect (=not intend to harm, offend etc someone)
▪ I’m sure he didn’t mean any harm.
motoring offences
▪ He was found guilty of 14 motoring offences.
punishable offence
▪ a punishable offence
statutory offence
take offence (=feel offended)
▪ Don’t take offence. Roger says things like that to everybody.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
ADJECTIVE
alleged
▪ No plea was taken from Mr. Bell in respect of the alleged offence of drunk and disorderly behaviour.
▪ He may still plead not guilty while admitting that he is the person concerned in the alleged offence.
arrestable
▪ Further detention can only be authorised in the case of a person who is suspected of having committed a serious arrestable offence.
bookable
▪ Derby's Coleman was sent off late for his second bookable offence.
▪ Middlesbrough fans feared the worst when central defender Nicky Mohan was sent off for a second bookable offence.
capital
▪ The word from Lilongwe now is that Chihana will be charged with sedition, a capital offence.
▪ Loss of privileges in peacetime; in war, a capital offence.
criminal
▪ Water was so scarce that lawn-sprinkling in the suburbs became a criminal offence.
▪ Eviction without a court order is a criminal offence.
▪ Thus he may decide that although the investigation discloses a criminal offence, no action should be taken in the criminal courts.
▪ From next month, it will be a criminal offence to give false or misleading descriptions of property for sale.
▪ Also, falsely describing goods can amount to a criminal offence under the Trades Description Act 1968.
▪ Failure to comply with this requirement is also a criminal offence.
▪ He had never been charged with any criminal offence.
guilty
▪ He was guilty of this offence when he used the car for his own purposes the following day.
▪ Indeed, it would seem that members of the same family who quarrel in the garden may be guilty of the offence.
▪ He was adjudged guilty of the offence of obstruction.
lesser
▪ Indecency in public displays is and should remain a separate if lesser offence.
▪ His state of mind will help to determine whether he is guilty of murder or the lesser offence of manslaughter.
▪ Or would it be fairer to convict the harm-doer of a lesser offence, thus ignoring the chance result?
▪ If it results in young Pardy being charged with a lesser offence, Deanes will be highly satisfied.
▪ However, of these, 42 percent. pleaded guilty to a lesser offence such as indecent assault.
minor
▪ Section 5 of the Act creates a relatively minor offence which is likely to be of considerable practical significance.
▪ If he didn't want to go to court for a very minor offence, then you could caution him.
new
▪ The new sequence begins with a provocation which, if well directed, generates a new offence from the provoked teacher.
▪ The new offence becomes the occasion for another and now legitimized act of retribution.
▪ The new offence in the Aggravated Vehicle-Taking Bill 1991-1992 raises familiar issues associated with hastily conceived legislation.
▪ Two characteristics of the new offence deserve special attention.
▪ The more important elements of the definition of the new offence are referred to in paragraphs 34-58.
▪ This is not a new offence.
▪ A new general offence of giving a misleading price indication is provided in s20.
▪ Indeed, as the new offence is defined, it creates what is essentially a statutory form of assault.
punishable
▪ Any lying by the debtor during the examination constitutes perjury, which is a serious and punishable offence.
▪ Respirators were a nuisance; it was a punishable offence for any member of the armed forces to be caught without one.
serious
▪ Any lying by the debtor during the examination constitutes perjury, which is a serious and punishable offence.
▪ He justifies this view on the ground that rape is a very serious offence to which serious penalties attach.
▪ Dismissal following automatically if a third serious offence was committed.
▪ Further detention can only be authorised in the case of a person who is suspected of having committed a serious arrestable offence.
▪ Jailing Murray, Lord Kirkwood described the charge he had been convicted of as a very serious offence.
▪ If, however, their conduct is itself disorderly, they may commit the less serious offence.
▪ This was a serious offence, and she was dismissed.
▪ His most serious offence in that time was taking part in a robbery while armed with a crossbow.
statutory
▪ That is a statutory offence or, more bluntly put, a criminal offence.
▪ It created a statutory offence of riot - 12 or more people using or threatening violence for an unlawful purpose.
VERB
avoid
▪ A disclaimer is an obvious and simple device for a trader to use to avoid committing an offence.
▪ The archbishop came back under papal orders to avoid giving offence to the king.
▪ As it was, it was impossible for even the most servile and well-meaning to avoid offence.
▪ But what is to be done by the honest car dealer, i.e. the man who wishes to avoid committing an offence?
▪ The only defence is that the estate agent took all reasonable steps and exercised all due diligence to avoid committing the offence.
carry
▪ He risks being charged with an offence that carries up to five years in jail.
▪ A second offence carries a life ban.
▪ Conviction for such an offence carries a five-year prison sentence.
▪ There is the offence of being carried.
▪ This is an indictable offence which carries a two years' prison sentence.
▪ Section 4 makes it an offence to carry on investment business in contravention of section 3.
▪ That offence carries a maximum sentence of 10 years, the same period as appears in this mutiny Bill.
▪ This offence carries a power of arrest for a constable who witnesses the obstruction.
cause
▪ This does not mean that we shall shy away from tackling difficult subjects that may cause offence.
▪ They believe music causes less offence to the listener than direct speech.
▪ On the down side, domestic broadcasters decided to ban any songs or plays that could cause offence.
▪ This appointment was apparently predetermined, and it caused some offence in the profession.
▪ To ignore this can cause great offence.
▪ Inconsiderate smoking can cause considerable offence to the majority of people who do not smoke.
▪ I quite understand that this implication has caused offence or distress to some people, for which I apologise.
▪ It was to cause enormous offence and rock the Empire.
charge
▪ He risks being charged with an offence that carries up to five years in jail.
▪ The boy, from Witham, Essex, is too young to be charged with a criminal offence.
▪ Thousands of their supporters were charged with the same offence.
▪ He had never been charged with any criminal offence.
▪ If it results in young Pardy being charged with a lesser offence, Deanes will be highly satisfied.
commit
▪ A youngster may have committed the offence only once.
▪ Did W commit an offence under section 1?
▪ So long as the defendant does not communicate his intention, he commits no offence.
▪ Any civil servant who talks to his or her spouse about work would be committing an offence.
▪ They are men who will have committed an offence within the confines of their family and community.
▪ It was when I was fifteen or sixteen that I committed my first big offence.
▪ The question is: have they on those facts alone committed an offence?
▪ The employer could still commit the offence of using, causing or permitting no insurance.
constitute
▪ Organising or participating in a march in breach of any such condition constitutes an offence.
▪ The official reason was that the painting was obscene and constituted an offence against religion.
▪ Publication to a single person is, impliedly, insufficient to constitute the offence.
▪ Development carried out in contravention of a stop notice constitutes an offence.
▪ Thus where the advertisement constitutes a criminal offence, it would seem pointless to complain to the Director General.
▪ Using a vehicle in contravention of the relevant statutory provisions constitutes a criminal offence.
▪ We might also note that what constitutes an offence in legal terms also changes over time.
convict
▪ That is, they must convict him of the offence which they think he probably did not commit.
create
▪ The whole phrase does not create more than one offence.
▪ Section 5 of the Act creates a relatively minor offence which is likely to be of considerable practical significance.
▪ Section 47 creates the offence of assault occasioning actual bodily harm.
▪ Much depends upon the statute creating the offence.
▪ This creates an offence of assisting a drug trafficker to retain the benefits of his or her proceeds.
▪ Section 7 does not create an offence which can be the subject matter of an information.
▪ The Government says it will create a new offence of corporate killing.
▪ Section 7 does not create an offence.
give
▪ The King's religious policies, strictly applied by Archbishop Laud, gave offence to the Puritan merchants and artisans.
▪ Geoff gave no impression of offence having been transmitted or received.
▪ He would deck himself out in the kind of clothes that would give most offence to her were she alive.
▪ He was sensitive, vulnerable, amazed when his honest truths gave offence.
▪ No need to accept every one of the invitations which kept on being delivered because of Amabel's fear of giving offence.
▪ Glancing at her watch, she wondered if she could slip away soon without giving offence to Edward and Helen.
▪ He gave further offence to some when he edited the Star and Morning Leader from 1890 to 1898.
▪ The archbishop came back under papal orders to avoid giving offence to the king.
make
▪ Arrests were made under a state law which makes it a criminal offence to hide ones face at a protest.
▪ But section 2 of the 1911 Act went far beyond spying, making it an offence to disclose or receive official information.
▪ This probably changes the existing law, making the offence more difficult to prove.
▪ They are suggesting that you put country sports with child abuse and drink driving, to make it a criminal offence.
▪ We will make it an offence to supply anabolic steroids to minors.
▪ I know that there has been discussion in the House of Lords, but that makes the offence worse.
▪ Section 4 makes it an offence to carry on investment business in contravention of section 3.
▪ The Act makes it an absolute offence for a shopkeeper to sell cigarettes or any other tobacco product to young people.
take
▪ Corbett loved the brilliant logic delivered so tongue-in-cheek that only those who wished to take offence would be affronted.
▪ Poor Mrs Sugden considered we were being very superior, and took offence.
▪ Lane did not take offence at his boss's comment, nor did he slow down.
▪ It is music for the coach trade, at which only the most high-minded purist is likely to take offence.
▪ Would Bonaventure return or take offence at not being fed by him and disappear for ever into the stinking alleyways?
▪ No one will take offence and you might secure win: win.
▪ The driver would have known it was his first time, didn't take offence at the yelling.
▪ Will a merchant kinsman take offence if you buy goods from the co-op?
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
bookable offence
▪ Derby's Coleman was sent off late for his second bookable offence.
▪ Middlesbrough fans feared the worst when central defender Nicky Mohan was sent off for a second bookable offence.
capital offence/crime
▪ It is capital crime, and a black disgrace to the races of civilized mankind.
▪ Loss of privileges in peacetime; in war, a capital offence.
▪ New capital crimes would include the use of firearms; hostage-taking; torture; sale of drugs to minors and racketeering.
▪ No government has ever made abortion a capital crime or executed either a pregnant woman or an abortionist for murder.
▪ The word from Lilongwe now is that Chihana will be charged with sedition, a capital offence.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Bates is being tried for offences committed in the early 1990s.
▪ Davies claimed that he did not know he was committing an offence by accessing the website.
▪ Driving when drunk is a criminal offence.
▪ Hewson was arrested for a number of minor offences.
▪ It is an offence for a shopkeeper to sell alcohol to anyone under 18.
▪ Motorists can be fined on the spot for minor offences, such as speeding.
▪ Speeding offences are usually punishable by a fine.
▪ The bill seeks to make it a criminal offence to inflict cruelty on any animal.
▪ The number of women convicted of serious offences is still relatively small.
▪ Travelling on the train without a ticket is an offence.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A second offence carries a life ban.
▪ He attributed the offence to pressure from his friends to carry the scheme out, when it was thought up.
▪ He would deck himself out in the kind of clothes that would give most offence to her were she alive.
▪ It became an offence for anyone in charge of children to allow them to bet in public places or to enter brothels.
▪ It is an offence for companies to recruit a non-disabled worker when they are below the quota.
▪ Most of its historical anomalies survive in the present offence.
▪ That phrase is read narrowly to convict the accused of handling rather than theft, handling being a more serious offence than theft.