Tra từ margin - Từ điển LongMan Dictionary

mar‧gin W3 AC /ˈmɑːdʒən, ˈmɑːdʒɪn $ ˈmɑːr-/ noun [COUNTABLE]
[Word Family: noun: margin, marginalization; adjective: marginal, marginalized; verb: marginalize; adverb: marginally]
[date : 1300-1400; Language : Latin; Origin : margo 'border']
1. the empty space at the side of a page:
　 ▪ Someone had scribbled a note in the margin.
　 ▪ Use double spacing and wide margins to leave room for comments.

2. the difference in the number of votes, points etc that exists between the winners and the losers of a competition or election
by a wide/narrow/significant etc margin
　 ▪ They’re a world-class team and it was no surprise that they won by such a wide margin.
by a margin of 10 points/100 votes etc
　 ▪ The bill was approved by a margin of 55 votes.

3. the difference between what it costs a business to buy or produce something and what they sell it for:
　 ▪ Margins are low and many companies are struggling.
　 ▪ Within 10 years they had a gross profit margin of 50%.

4. [USUALLY SINGULAR]
an additional amount of something such as time, money, or space that you include in order to make sure that you are successful in achieving something:
　 ▪ It’ll take about 30 minutes to dry but I’d allow a safety margin of, say, another 10 minutes.

5. margin of error
the degree to which a calculation might or can be wrong:
　 ▪ The survey has a margin of error of 2.1%.

6. margin for error
how many mistakes you can make and still be able to achieve something:
　 ▪ At this late stage in the competition there is no margin for error.

7. technical or literary the edge of something, especially an area of land or water:
　 ▪ the western margin of southern Africa

8. on the margin(s)
a person on the margins of a situation or group has very little power, importance, or influence SYN on the fringes:
　 ▪ unemployed youths living on the margins of society
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 1)
adjectives
▪wide
　 ▪ The margin should be wider.
▪narrow (=not wide)
　 ▪ The margins are very narrow, making the page look cluttered.
▪a generous margin (=wide)
　 ▪ Leave a generous margin at the side of the page.
▪the right-hand margin (=on the right of the page)
　 ▪ There were some notes written in the right-hand margin.
▪the left-hand margin (=on the left of the page)
　 ▪ All typing begins at the left-hand margin.
verbs
▪leave a margin
　 ▪ The teacher told us to leave a margin wide enough for him to write corrections.
▪set the margins (=make them a particular size)
　 ▪ Set the margins to have one inch on each side.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 2)
adjectives
▪a large/big margin
　 ▪ By a large margin, the book sold more copies than any other this year.
▪a huge margin (=a very big one)
　 ▪ They won the championship by a huge margin.
▪a small margin
　 ▪ Visitors from other parts of Scotland exceeded foreign visitors by only a small margin.
▪a narrow margin (=a very small one)
　 ▪ The proposal passed, but only by a narrow margin.
verbs
▪win by a large/small etc margin
　 ▪ The party won by a huge margin.
▪lose by a large/small etc margin
　 ▪ He lost by only a narrow margin.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪edge the part of something that is furthest from its centre or nearest the place where it ends :
　 ▪ He got up quickly, knocking his plate off the edge of the table.
　 ▪ the outer edge of the village
▪side the part of something that is near its left or right edge :
　 ▪ On the left side of the garden there was an old stone wall.
　 ▪ They parked by the side of the road.
▪rim the edge of something circular, especially the top of a cup or glass, or the outside edge of a pair of glasses :
　 ▪ a white cup with a gold rim
　 ▪ She was looking at me over the rim of her spectacles.
▪margin the empty space at the side of a page that has writing on it :
　 ▪ My teacher had marked my essay and made some comments in the margin.
　 ▪ Leave wide margins on both sides of the page.
▪hem the edge of a piece of cloth that is turned under and stitched down, especially the lower edge of a skirt, trousers etc :
　 ▪ If you want the dress a bit shorter, I can easily turn up the hem.
▪kerb British English, curb American English the edge of the pavement (=raised path) at the side of a road :
　 ▪ A big black car was parked at the kerb.
▪outskirts the areas of a city that are furthest away from the centre :
　 ▪ The new station was built on the outskirts of the city.
▪perimeter the outside edge around an enclosed area of land such as a military camp or a prison :
　 ▪ Security guards patrol the perimeter night and day.

noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a margin of error (=the degree to which a calculation might be wrong)
▪ We have to allow for a small margin of error in the calculations.
gross margin
profit margin
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
ADJECTIVE
big
▪ The supermarkets then found that they could charge bigger margins on goods that were peripheral to their core business, processed foods.
▪ They lost in the general elections by the two biggest margins in the post-war period.
▪ That kind of morale booster is infectious and they could well have won by a bigger margin.
▪ If so, Britain would be outpacing the continent by the biggest margin for more than two decades.
▪ Stewart slotted in well in his first full game and Liverpool should have won by a much bigger margin.
▪ Mr Bush would dearly like a congressional resolution of this sort, passed by a big margin after a short debate.
▪ That was just unbelievable and to win 6 &038; 5 in a fourball is a big margin.
comfortable
▪ But even there Dole won by a comfortable 12-point margin.
▪ He strolled home by a comfortable margin thanks to some good body work early on.
continental
▪ Except where subduction zones lie adjacent to mountain belts on continental margins, plate boundaries do not coincide with continental coastlines.
▪ Many continental margins are not separated by subduction zones from the divergent boundaries marked by mid-oceanic ridges.
▪ It is possible that a similar flexural effect is associated with great escarpments along passive continental margins.
▪ The sequence of continental-margin orogen development begins with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere at, or close to, a continental margin.
▪ The first sections of the converging continental margins to collide suffer the most intense deformation.
▪ The resulting orogen would be a modified continental margin type.
gross
▪ It is really an accounting problem, and a balance must be struck between channel expense, profit and gross margins.
▪ The gross margin was 20. 7 percent in the fourth quarter.
▪ A manufacturer using short channels is more likely to have high gross margins, but equally higher channel expenses.
▪ It blamed lower holiday sales, crimped gross margin, stormy weather and higher costs.
▪ These machines have a gross margin of 50 percent.
▪ But old habits die hard, and Apple has shown a proclivity to chase market share while hand-wringing over shrinking gross margins.
▪ The manufacturer using longer channels will have relatively lower gross margins, coupled with lower channel expenses.
▪ A gross margin of $ 62, 500 is anticipated on $ 250, 000 in sales.
high
▪ A manufacturer using short channels is more likely to have high gross margins, but equally higher channel expenses.
▪ The profit margin rose on productivity improvements and increased sales of higher-margin on-site industrial gas plants.
▪ But they need to specialise, be creative and target their marketing activities effectively, as well as offer other higher margins services too.
▪ The maker of high-margin switching products said it will post lower-than-expected earnings from the fourth quarter.
▪ Sales of the higher margin 6000 Series are expected generate an increasingly higher proportion of the company's revenues in fact.
▪ Smaller companies will pay a higher margin.
▪ The latter allows more focused advertising and distribution and probably higher margins.
▪ The possibility of a high gross profit margin. 6.
initial
▪ Instead, both buyer and seller pay an initial margin, and these payments are held by the clearing house.
▪ The initial margin on the ST3 contract is 750.
▪ There is a lower level of initial margin on straddle positions.
large
▪ The close score after 12 games confounds pre-match predictions that Kasparov would win this time by a large margin.
▪ The result was a 131-98 Boston blowout at the FleetCenter, the Celtics' largest victory margin of the season.
▪ In 1955/6 budgets were generally overspent and by a larger margin than in earlier years.
▪ Courier beat Stefan Edberg in the final, which failed by a large margin to live up to it's billing.
▪ By a large margin, the gathering predicted that Bush would be re-elected in a landslide.
▪ Many pilots undershoot or overshoot their chosen spot by large margins.
▪ Ronald Reagan received an even larger margin in 1984; but he had margins almost as big among whites elsewhere.
left
▪ Each time you press F4, the left margin will shift over another five spaces.
▪ The term justified means that the text lines up down both left and right margins, just like in a book.
▪ Instead, create this style by using Shift-Tab to release the left margin.
▪ Since the column that we moved originally started at the left margin, no tab codes preceded it.
▪ Press the underline character until it reaches the left margin.
▪ This sets a left margin at position 1 and a right margin at 132.
▪ The first column starts at the left margin.
low
▪ The manufacturer using longer channels will have relatively lower gross margins, coupled with lower channel expenses.
▪ Wild speculation, low margin requirements and sheer panic triggered the free fall that set off the Great Depression.
▪ Place the acetate film gently across the lower margin of the specimen where a pool of acetone will have collected.
▪ A lone distant figure walks down the road that bleeds across the lower margin of the photograph.
▪ This control has meant lower margins for retailers, and manufacturers being able to dictate the in-store location of their particular products.
▪ That distracts time and attention into sectors which typically offer lower profit margins than drugs.
▪ But as it's such a low-margin business, they're more likely to stretch things.
▪ For this they grow large amounts of fodder crops on fields in the main valleys or on the lower margins of the uplands.
narrow
▪ It thus provides lower cost loans by operating with narrower interest rate margins than those of domestic banking operations.
▪ Kennedy won the election by a narrow margin.
▪ Isn't this my own handwriting running sideways down the narrow margin?
▪ While both developer subsidies passed, the narrow margin clearly indicates the voters of this valley are beginning to wise up.
▪ Surprise! the seventh firm won the tender by a narrow margin.
▪ We work on a very narrow margin.
▪ A month ago, the all-Union Supreme Soviet voted against discussing the issue by only the narrowest of margins.
▪ So Weinke took the Heisman by a narrow margin and Heupel is anything but a loser.
net
▪ Its 25% net margin is bettered in the computer industry only by Intel, the world's biggest micro-processor maker.
▪ The net profit margin would be 2.1 to 2.3 per cent.
▪ In the long term, he concedes, Microsoft's net margins will be nearer 15% than 25%.
▪ A net margin increase of over 50 cents a barrel contributed to this good short-term performance.
passive
▪ It is possible that a similar flexural effect is associated with great escarpments along passive continental margins.
▪ Clearly models of passive margin evolution must be able to account for the development of these upwarps.
▪ Such detachment models predict that two types of passive margin will be produced by continental rupture.
▪ A number of other passive margins, however, show no sign of such major volcanism.
right
▪ If the right margin is altered move the page number to keep the two in alignment, if so desired.
▪ Long quotations, for example, should be indented from both the left and right margins.
▪ It may, for instance, be better to leave type unjustified in the right margin.
▪ This moves both the right and left margins in five spaces at a time.
▪ The term justified means that the text lines up down both left and right margins, just like in a book.
▪ This sets a left margin at position 1 and a right margin at 132.
▪ The Wordwrap feature can, on some programs, be disabled to let the text overrun the right hand margin.
▪ You are then prompted for the position number for the new right margin.
significant
▪ Recent polls say if the election were held today, Clinton would beat Dole by a significant margin.
slim
▪ The assembly endorsed the new prime minister by the slimmest of margins.
▪ But through it all, the majestic wolf has maintained its grip on existence, albeit by some very slim margins.
▪ Even so Adenauer was only elected Chancellor by a slim margin - 202 votes out of 404.
▪ The Panthers edged the Barons by the slimmest of margins in a dual meet on Jan. 21.
▪ The result is a slim margin of profit.
▪ That will mean much slimmer margins.
small
▪ More importantly to Branson, it meant Virgin were on a far smaller margin of any profit.
▪ By a smaller margin, the audience said that Prince Charles should not become king.
▪ A similar resolution was approved by the House of Representatives in June, but by a much smaller margin.
▪ In size and significance, if not charm, Sydney has won out by a small margin.
▪ Yet after one subtracts the small margin of great judges, there is something wrong with the remaining lot of them.
▪ Such people may indeed be giving themselves some small margin of immunological protection.
wide
▪ Each volume is beautifully produced, on thick paper with wide margins and a general air of elegance.
▪ But voters are preferring other candidates to Gramm by wide margins.
▪ This beats even the great Bobby Fischer by a wide margin.
▪ The initiative passed by a wide margin, but initial court rulings have enjoined its enforcement.
▪ It allows for artists and historians to explore in the wider margins works and strategies neglected or dismissed by modernism.
▪ So far, its return has outpaced the Gfund and Ffunds by a wide margin.
▪ Articles for the press should be written with double spacing and wide margins.
▪ Leave wide margins on both sides of each page.
NOUN
operating
▪ Worried men Operating margins have increased to 30% or so, putting garbage up with pharmaceuticals in terms of profitability.
▪ But its operating margins collapsed, falling from 8.1% to 4.3%.
▪ Penguin's operating margin was just over 8%, compared with 6.7% in 1991.
plate
▪ The most important of these variables is probably the heating of the plate margin since this will affect its thickness and strength.
▪ The main types of convergent plate margin and their possible modes of development are summarized in Table 3.1.
▪ If this were not the case significant deformation would occur within plates rather than being concentrated along plate margins.
▪ There are three types of plate margin, two of which we have already come across.
▪ The latter two are simple destructive plate margin volcanoes, but the Plate Tectonic setting of Vesuvius is a bit complex.
point
▪ White southerners voted for Mr Bush by a 35-\\#point margin.
▪ Last July Labour had a two point margin at 34 to 32 per cent.
profit
▪ But his concern for profit margins kept wage levels low and he was intensely suspicious of trade unionism.
▪ Francis noted that strong profit margins and a committed, rock-solid management team were the key elements for a successful start-up.
▪ In the fixed-commission mid-1960s, profit margins were about 25% on total revenue.
▪ Executives point to increased regulatory pressures as well as scrawny profit margins on underwriting new state and local government issues.
▪ That distracts time and attention into sectors which typically offer lower profit margins than drugs.
▪ His backup was cement, and he knew exactly what profit margin to expect on it.
▪ The result is that the unit price becomes even higher as publishers protect their desired profit margin.
▪ Beyond those, they cite the high costs of customer disaffection, which drives down both profit margins and market share.
safety
▪ Another effect of the flare is to wind up the blade speed which helps to give a greater safety margin.
VERB
expect
▪ Although he expects margins to keep on falling during the coming year, he does believe the rate of decline will slow.
▪ The company expects revenues and gross margins in the fourth quarter to be flat to slightly higher than the just-ended quarter.
▪ We also expect marketing margins to be weaker in the first quarter because of the effect on demand of the generally mild weather.
improve
▪ These cost reductions are improving our margins and profitability.
▪ When the business began to slow down, he decided that he would offer liquor to improve his profit margins.
▪ Aubourn Farming's Philip Wynn believes there's still much that can be done to improve the gross margin.
▪ Now, retailers are looking to better manage their inventories to improve profit margins, Doolittle said.
increase
▪ Company 2 has a much more rapidly declining experience curve and is increasing its margins.
▪ As more capital is raised, the cost increases at the margin, increasing the marginal cost in increments.
leave
▪ She takes a prehistoric triangle of chalk and leaves a margin for the seams.
▪ This moves both the right and left margins in five spaces at a time.
▪ That doesn't leave much margin for error.
▪ So, go for skeleton notes - and leave plenty of margins and space round your notes.
▪ You designed two uneven columns. the first column starts at the default left margin and is 20 characters wide.
maintain
▪ Dowding has held its rates, maintaining its gross margins, but inevitably lost some business.
▪ The Bruins also maintained a two-game margin over Arizona and Stanford, their opponent on Saturday.
operate
▪ Throughout her life she operated on the fruitful margin that arbitrarily separates the statutory from the voluntary body.
▪ Whatever the merits of such proposals, they would operate only at the margins of the costs that most families incur.
▪ The bank's operating margin was below the 20.8 per cent increase registered in September.
▪ Group operating margins exceeded 20 % for the first time in Emap's history.
▪ In such conditions the government operates only at the margin of social activity.
▪ Altman has always operated on the margins of the industry.
reduce
▪ These measures will also benefit the refining sector, once capacity is reduced and industry margins recover.
▪ The coaches want to call every play and reduce their margin for error.
▪ The same result may occur even if the tenant does not consciously reduce his profit margin.
squeeze
▪ Giant and inefficient marketing boards have had the opposite effect of their nominal purpose, and have further squeezed farmers' margins.
▪ Financial stocks dropped on concern that Treasury bonds yields are headed up, squeezing banks profit margins.
▪ Falling stock markets and a lack of merger activity have squeezed margins and profits in investment banks.
▪ But deflation is also squeezing corporate margins and making it harder to tackle the high levels of corporate and national debts.
vote
▪ If you look merely at voting margins, there is a dead heat.
▪ Cahill said 416, 000 of the targeted women did vote, creating the margin of victory for Sen.
win
▪ That kind of morale booster is infectious and they could well have won by a bigger margin.
▪ Labor was pleased, the protests were squelched and Clinton won by a hefty margin.
▪ Denver has trampled through its opponents, winning by a margin of nearly 18 points a game.
▪ The winning margin was 352 runs but the damage done to them can not be measured by mere numbers.
▪ A little later Hilary Homeyer beat the 17-year-old Becky Brewerton, and a winning margin was secured.
▪ That equalled the score at Nairn two years ago, which was a record winning margin for them.
▪ At the end I slowed my pace because the important thing is to win, not the margin you do it by.
write
▪ Excuses, wrote Goldberg in the margin of his typescript with a felt-tip pen, an end to excuses.
▪ It would also be helpful to write in the left-hand margin where you used the skills.
▪ Glass, wrote Goldberg in the margin, mirror of delay.
▪ You get feedback written on the margins on your page or typed on a separate piece of paper.
▪ He has also revealed notes written in the margins of Latin manuscripts by Gothic hands and then rubbed out by later owners.
▪ Read your story through carefully; each time you come across a transferable skill write it in the margin at the right.
▪ Long run, wrote Goldberg in the margin, wiping the sweat from his forehead with his sleeve, no meaning.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a thin margin/majority etc
narrow victory/defeat/majority/margin etc
▪ Adjust the starting point so that you avoid a very narrow margin at the perimeter.
▪ Crowds gathered in central Lima last Sunday night to cheer his narrow victory over former president Alan Garcia.
▪ John F.. Kennedy that helped propel the handsome young Massachusetts Democrat to a narrow victory.
▪ On election night, however, the team squeaked out a narrow victory.
▪ Surprise! the seventh firm won the tender by a narrow margin.
▪ Their relatively late arrival in the quarter coupled with their costs and the narrow margins on the surprise Model 20 impacted earnings.
▪ Was Buzz Calkins' narrow victory over Tony Stewart enough to keep them interested?
▪ While both developer subsidies passed, the narrow margin clearly indicates the voters of this valley are beginning to wise up.
razor-thin victory/margin
▪ Years of price wars, for example, have created razor-thin margins in personal computers.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ an eight-goal margin of defeat
▪ She widened the margins so her essay would look longer.
▪ Someone had written a note in the left-hand margin.
▪ The program sets the margins automatically.
▪ There were notes pencilled in the margin.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ By early 1986 margins had narrowed.
▪ Considerable margins of uncertainty are associated with the best-fit climate sensitivities identified in an analysis of this type.
▪ In size and significance, if not charm, Sydney has won out by a small margin.
▪ The margin of error for the study was plus or minus 5 percentage points.
▪ The desired margin size is a positive function of the volatility of futures prices.
▪ The poll, which showed Forbes leading Dole by a 31-22 percent margin, figured that 27 percent of independents would vote.
▪ The supermarkets then found that they could charge bigger margins on goods that were peripheral to their core business, processed foods.