Tra từ illness - Từ điển LongMan Dictionary

ill‧ness S3 W3 /ˈɪlnəs, ˈɪlnɪs/ noun [UNCOUNTABLE AND COUNTABLE]
a disease of the body or mind, or the condition of being ill:
　 ▪ She had all the normal childhood illnesses.
　 ▪ Her mother was recovering from a serious illness.
　 ▪ I’ve never missed a day’s work through illness.
　 ▪ ways to improve your health and reduce the risk of illness
⇨ disease
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
verbs
▪have an illness
　 ▪ When did you first find out that you had the illness?
▪suffer from an illness
　 ▪ She suffers from a rare illness.
▪get/develop an illness
　 ▪ She developed the illness when she was in her 50s.
▪contract an illness formal (=get an illness by catching it from another person)
　 ▪ He contracted the illness while he was working abroad.
▪recover from an illness
　 ▪ It took several months for him to recover from his illness.
▪be diagnosed with an illness (=be found by doctors to have an illness)
　 ▪ Her husband had just been diagnosed with a terminal illness.
▪cause/lead to illness
　 ▪ Inadequate hygiene can lead to illness.
▪prevent illness
　 ▪ Vaccines have been successful in preventing illness.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + illness
▪serious/severe
　 ▪ His illness is more severe than the doctors first thought.
▪minor (=not serious)
　 ▪ He suffered a succession of minor illnesses.
▪fatal (=causing death quite quickly)
　 ▪ She developed a fatal illness.
▪life-threatening (=likely to cause death)
　 ▪ Doctors say that his illness isn’t life-threatening.
▪terminal (=causing death eventually, and not possible to cure)
　 ▪ At that point the illness was thought to be terminal.
▪incurable (=not possible to cure)
　 ▪ The films tells the sad story of a young boy with an incurable illness.
▪acute (=becoming serious very quickly)
　 ▪ A lot of illnesses can be either acute or chronic.
▪chronic (=that lasts a long time, and cannot be cured)
　 ▪ Diabetes is an example of a chronic illness.
▪a long/short illness
　 ▪ She nursed him through his long illness.
　 ▪ Arthur died following a short illness.
▪a debilitating illness (=that makes you very weak)
　 ▪ His last years were ruined by a debilitating illness.
▪a childhood illness
　 ▪ Measles is a common childhood illness.
▪a mental/psychiatric illness
　 ▪ We provide specialist care for young people with mental illnesses.
phrases
▪the symptoms of an illness
　 ▪ Symptoms of the illness include vomiting and severe headaches.
▪a period of illness
　 ▪ He returned to work after a period of illness.
COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'a heavy illness'. Say a serious illness or a severe illness.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪illness something wrong with your health which makes you feel ill :
　 ▪ Her husband was in hospital for six months with a serious illness.
▪disease a particular illness, especially one that spreads to other people easily or that affects one part of your body :
　 ▪ childhood diseases such as measles and chickenpox
　 ▪ heart disease
▪infection an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus :
　 ▪ His cough got worse and worse and became a chest infection.
▪condition a health problem that affects you permanently or for a long time :
　 ▪ a medical condition such as asthma
　 ▪ a heart condition
▪problem [USUALLY AFTER A NOUN]something that is wrong with a particular part of your body or your health in general :
　 ▪ a serious back problem
　 ▪ health problems
▪trouble [SINGULAR, ONLY AFTER A NOUN]illness or pain that affects a particular part of your body :
　 ▪ I’ve had a bit of stomach trouble.
▪disorder formal an illness that prevents a particular organ of your body from working properly, or affects the way you behave :
　 ▪ a liver disorder
　 ▪ a blood disorder
　 ▪ Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder.
an illness that is not very serious
▪bug informal an illness that spreads to other people very easily but that is not very serious :
　 ▪ There’s a bug going round at school and a lot of the children are absent.
　 ▪ a flu bug
▪complaint medical an illness that affects a particular part of your body, especially one that is not very serious – used by doctors :
　 ▪ a minor skin complaint
　 ▪ Deakin suffers from a back complaint called arachnoiditis.
▪ailment /ˈeɪlmənt/ formal an illness that affects a particular part of your body, especially one that is not serious :
　 ▪ People often go to their doctor about relatively minor ailments.
　 ▪ The ointment is used to treat ailments such as small wounds and insect bites.
the general state of being ill
▪illness the general state of being ill :
　 ▪ Stress is emerging today as a major cause of illness.
▪sickness the state of being ill, especially when it stops you working :
　 ▪ absence from work due to sickness
▪ill health formal the state of being ill, usually for a long period of time :
　 ▪ Research shows that there is a link between air pollution and ill health.

noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a childhood illness/disease
▪ measles and other common childhood illnesses
a devastating disease/illness
▪ Cheaper medicines are needed to fight Aids and other devastating diseases.
a serious injury/illness
▪ The driver was taken to hospital with serious injuries.
a severe injury/illness
▪ She had suffered severe head injuries.
fatal accident/illness/injury etc
▪ a fatal climbing accident
▪ If it is not treated correctly, the condition can prove fatal be fatal.
incurable disease/illness/condition
▪ She has a rare, incurable disease.
long illness
▪ She’s recovering from a long illness.
mental illness
▪ The centre provides help for people suffering from mental illness.
minor injury/illness/operation etc (=one that is not very serious or dangerous)
▪ He escaped with only minor injuries.
psychosomatic illness/symptoms/disorder etc
▪ Children are just as susceptible to psychosomatic conditions as adults.
the stigma of alcoholism/mental illness etc
▪ The stigma of alcoholism makes it difficult to treat.
waterborne disease/illness etc
▪ waterborne diseases such as cholera
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
ADJECTIVE
acute
▪ However, unless an accident or acute illness was associated with onset, memory problems are likely to confuse the result.
▪ No answers could mitigate the suffering of victims as encompassed by the poliovirus as she was in the acute stages of illness.
▪ Phenothiazine treatment will be required for the patient with an acute schizophrenic illness.
▪ Young physicians, trained in medical school according to an acute illness model, found Carville an unusual place.
▪ The oral intake of complex carbohydrates is often restricted in patients with an acute diarrhoeal illness.
▪ Let us look at an example of acute illness that would naturally resolve in time.
▪ If you have built up some experience using the remedies then you will find the 30 an excellent potency for acute illness.
▪ The more vigorous and acute the illness is the quicker things change.
chronic
▪ Such elders may have given positive meaning to experiences of anxiety, poverty, chronic illness, multiple losses and death.
▪ You can need long-term care because of a disabling accident or a chronic illness.
▪ Older people can quickly become dispirited and depressed by chronic illness.
▪ Difficulty adapting to a chronic illness 2.
▪ They must remember that anorexia nervosa is often a chronic illness.
▪ Marijuana is said to alleviate painful side effects of treatment for some chronic illnesses.
▪ The annual report of the General Household Survey provides information on the distribution of chronic illness by socio-economic group.
▪ Healthy people can contract necrotizing fasciitis, but people with chronic illnesses or open wounds are more susceptible.
depressive
▪ A massive 3,324, working days were lost because of depressive illnesses between and in Northern Ireland alone.
▪ Many young people are struggling with a depressive illness that requires medical treatment.
▪ He said Spanswick's wife had left him and he was suffering from a depressive illness.
▪ Defining rigorously what constitutes a clinically significant depressive illness is problematic, regardless of the age range under consideration.
▪ Many are suffering from severe depressive illnesses, often with persecutory ideas or delusions.
▪ Some examples of the kinds of events and difficulties which provoked depressive illnesses in the sample are given in the Appendix.
▪ While a number of depressive illnesses treated by psychiatrists seem to have no link with environmental stress, many more do.
▪ They did not have a higher rate of manic depressive illness or anxiety neurosis.
fatal
▪ A third illustration is asbestos manufacture, which is implicated in fatal illness amongst employees and others.
▪ It is standard medical practice here not to tell the patient about potentially fatal illnesses, especially cancer.
▪ It also causes a fatal Aids-like illness in some species of monkey.
▪ It was while he was besieging that town that the king contracted a fatal illness.
▪ The doctor missed his other, fatal, illness.
long
▪ Occasionally a person will suffer from a long and unpleasant illness like glandular fever, but this is rare.
▪ The patient described by Boustany etal had a cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and a long illness before she eventually died of peritonitis.
▪ In middle age he has experienced a breakdown, an identity crisis, which followed a long illness and an operation.
▪ I have the same new-worldliness of some one who emerges to sunlight after a long illness in a darkened room.
▪ Next home was David Lodge in 27 mins. 23 which was a promising effort following a long lay-off due to illness.
▪ Anorexia Nervosa is a long term illness and regular follow-up appointments are necessary.
▪ She felt like a convalescent after a long and dangerous illness, her strength returning, her enthusiasm for life rekindled.
major
▪ Regions ought to be looking to the future and planning the replacement of major mental illness hospitals.
▪ The experience of companies using case management for major illnesses confirms his view.
▪ Aromatherapy, as it is more usually practised, is about prevention of major illness and the symptomatic treatment of minor ailments.
▪ Soon, Michael would be diagnosed with schizophrenia, the most chronic and disabling of the major mental illnesses.
mental
▪ Today madness is called mental illness.
▪ Popular magazines now broach the subject of mental illness, while the government is encouraging research into mental health.
▪ Clinical and counselling psychologists do not deal only with mental illness.
▪ A 35-year-old lawyer faces financial ruin resulting from a serious mental illness.
▪ Patients with mental illness are particularly vulnerable.
▪ Stephenson, it was soon discovered, was suffering from mental illness.
▪ He had a history of mental illness.
minor
▪ Such research would be helped by the development of valid, reliable instruments to measure quality of life in common minor illnesses.
▪ By fall the disease, first thought a minor illness, was an epidemic.
▪ Absenteeism, recurrent minor illnesses, accidents at home and at work and disturbed relationships with colleagues are all commonplace.
▪ There are many people who simply can not afford to run to the doctor every time they have a minor illness.
other
▪ Pegged out: dental problems may be a symptom of other illness in the body, above.
▪ Headache may be on its own or the forerunner of other complaints; it accompanies almost all other illnesses.
▪ Few other paediatric illnesses are as gratifying to diagnose and as uniformly responsive to treatment.
▪ They know that other unhappy things can happen to people like road accidents or other illnesses.
▪ It wasn't like any other sickening or illness she had known.
▪ The cost of myocardial infarction and other cardiac illness is high and is in part the result of vocational disability.
▪ You could be at risk of heart disease or other stress-related illness.
▪ Connections have been made with, among other illnesses, skin rashes, asthma, heart disease, backache and cancer.
physical
▪ The medical staff would like to know if you suffer from any physical disability or illness such as asthma, diabetes or epilepsy.
▪ Examples of such harm could include physical or mental illness or loss of salary.
▪ They need the same support and information they would get in a case of physical illness.
▪ Drinking is seen as leading to a physical and psychological illness.
▪ Such feelings almost inevitably lead to physical illness.
▪ The mind and emotions are involved as well as the body and any physical symptoms of illness that may be present.
▪ High achievers report less physical illness and spend less time discussing their ailments.
▪ There was then, as there still is today, some evidence of significant mental and physical illness among women in prison.
psychiatric
▪ Suicide Although suicide is not, in itself, a psychiatric illness it may be taken as suggestive of impaired mental health.
▪ But why does that prove that the lousy conduct is a psychiatric illness?
▪ The differential diagnosis includes both primary psychiatric illness and a wide range of organic acute brain syndromes, including substance abuse.
▪ The third group includes patients who mutilate themselves, usually in the context of a serious psychiatric illness.
▪ Behaviour in patients with complex partial seizures is usually more repetitive and stereotyped than in psychiatric illness.
▪ It results from the attempt to provide relief from psychiatric illnesses and has only recently begun to be recognised.
psychosomatic
▪ On the other hand, if we are under-stressed we will become lethargic and tired and psychosomatic illnesses could occur.
▪ Here is the basic pattern Of the engram which will contain the chronic psychosomatic illness in any patient.
▪ The full range of symptoms attributed to psychosomatic illness are shown in Table 1.
respiratory
▪ The decision follows years of anxiety about the high levels of respiratory illnesses in the area.
▪ Effects have included widespread respiratory illnesses and the closure of airports due to poor visibility.
▪ The association between length of gestation and respiratory illness was greatest for symptoms of wheeze most days.
▪ About 55 percent of schoolchildren suffer health problems; respiratory illnesses are particularly prevalent.
▪ Immaturity seems to play an important part in the subsequent development of respiratory illness in childhood.
serious
▪ Following a serious illness in 1744 she came to regard herself as sinful.
▪ This is why the germs seldom cause serious illnesses.
▪ She had had no serious illnesses in the past and had never been in hospital.
▪ Therefore, the detection of respiratory alkalosis may represent an important diagnostic clue to more serious illness.
▪ It can cope with a cold, fight off a serious illness and with time, even mend a broken bone.
▪ But no complaints: up to now, I have never had a serious illness.
▪ That is something that needs to be said, as he is very popular and has just recovered from a serious illness.
▪ Lengths of stay are being cut dramatically for just about every serious medical illness and surgical procedure.
severe
▪ The designer's close encounter of severe illness had a profound influence on his scheme.
▪ When it erupts at the wrong moment, it can signal severe illness.
▪ People whose disabilities begin with severe illness or injury find themselves in medical hands whether they like it or not.
▪ Soon thereafter Latimer falls into a severe illness and, after a time of unconsciousness, he wakes.
▪ The most likely way in which a booking contract may be frustrated is through severe illness on the part of the guest.
▪ The denial rate is high among people with severe mental illnesses.
▪ And people suffering from a severe injury or illness usually need to regain weight.
▪ Many are suffering from severe depressive illnesses, often with persecutory ideas or delusions.
short
▪ After a short illness in 1909 she died.
▪ She died 16 January 1918 in Sidmouth, after a short illness.
▪ This confinement apparently affected his health and, after a short illness, he died suddenly at the museum 28 May 1917.
▪ He died at his family's Wiltshire home after a short illness.
▪ He died, unexpectedly, after a short illness aged only 39 whilst staying at the Phoenix Hotel in Taunton.
▪ He died after a very short and sudden illness in June 1986.
▪ He died in Feltham, Middlesex, 21 August 1869 after a short illness.
▪ His service was itself cut short by illness.
terminal
▪ Charles took on Diana's mantle speaking on terminal illness, while she prepared to tread the world stage.
▪ Her terrible, inexplicable terminal illness.
▪ How would you feel, say, if you had an incurable disease, or a terminal illness?
▪ Being somewhat overweight is not a serious health problem, and obesity is not a terminal illness.
▪ Ideally, some one with a terminal illness should at least have the right to work part-time as long as they are able.
▪ We feel like a patient with a possible terminal illness that no one will tell the results of the tests.
▪ At present, patients are prevented from receiving the benefit for the first six months of a terminal illness.
▪ Patient E16 had only been in hospital once, three years before his terminal illness.
VERB
cause
▪ Stress and tension are implicated in causing illness, and I believe that much modern health propaganda simply adds to that problem.
▪ This is why the germs seldom cause serious illnesses.
▪ In other words, poverty can cause illness directly and indirectly, and vice-versa.
▪ Tainted meat and poultry cause thousands of illnesses and hundreds of deaths each year.
▪ Even the nursery's pet rabbit is being tested as a possible carrier of the organism that causes the illness.
▪ Often this blocks a pulmonary artery, causing serious illness or death.
▪ Diverse ways of coping with the stress caused by illness will be identified and any links with self-esteem investigated.
▪ Primary teachers who chat to a class depleted by flu and colds about what causes such illnesses are actually covering the curriculum.
cope
▪ Now Peter's family can get on with looking after him and coping with his illness without worrying about losing their home.
▪ Relatives have to cope with mental illness that so often changes the personality of their loved one.
▪ Health professionals, particularly doctors, find particular difficulty in coping with a disabling illness in adult life.
diagnose
▪ In claiming to diagnose and treat this illness doctors can do more harm than good.
▪ Two years after her second child was born her husband was diagnosed with a terminal illness.
▪ All attempts by my own doctor and the company doctor to diagnose my illness failed.
▪ Brave Gail Devers was suffering from Graves Disease but it took doctors two years to diagnose the crippling thyroid illness.
die
▪ The water in Haworth was bad, so many children died from illness.
▪ I was recently at the funeral of a friend, who had died after a prolonged illness from cancer.
▪ Mr Shrigley said two of the women had died from the serious illnesses for which they had been admitted to the hospital.
▪ All this had changed when she was thirteen and her five-year-old sister had died of a sudden illness.
▪ Then their five year old daughter Sarah tragically died after contracting the illness.
▪ Eight have had heart conditions and two have died of illness while in office.
▪ I also heard that my parents both died of an illness only a year after their wedding.
prevent
▪ They were much more concerned about efforts to prevent illness, and to improve the quality of life of people incurably ill.
▪ With no accountability for the consequences of their marketing, these industries have no incentive to prevent costly illness.
▪ They promote health and help prevent illness in the first place.
recover
▪ And in our psychiatric rehabilitation centres for men and women of all ages recovering from mental illness.
▪ So they recover faster from illnesses.
▪ However, the long-term outlook for reproductive function is poor in patients who conceive before they have fully recovered from their illness.
▪ That is something that needs to be said, as he is very popular and has just recovered from a serious illness.
▪ He had never completely recovered from the serious illness he had had when he first arrived.
▪ All assumed then and indeed until two days ago that Chapman was recovering from his illness.
▪ These may be helpful when recovering from an illness or if you fear your normal diet is lacking.
▪ Shah Jehan had now recovered from his illness and was able to move to Agra and join in the victory celebrations.
relate
▪ Surprise, surprise, 60-70 % of the population suffers some form of related illnesses from this toxic cocktail environment.
▪ Massery said about $ 3 million comes from the estates of people who died from smoking-\\#related illnesses.
▪ About 3,400,000 people, including 1,260,000 children, are suffering from fallout-\\#related illnesses.
▪ Depression in the twilight years is usually related to chronic illness, which often can have a major impact on lifestyle.
▪ About 50,000 pensioners die every year due to cold-\\#related illnesses and many others need hospital treatment.
▪ Each new ache or pain is not necessarily related to the illness.
▪ The findings come when, looking worldwide, deaths from tobacco related illnesses are increasing.
suffer
▪ In the closing years of his life he suffered serious illness.
▪ She has never gone hungry, suffered horrible illness or seen some one she loves die.
▪ Almost certainly if you were suffering from such an illness you would have other symptoms to indicate that you were unwell.
▪ He suffered several illnesses while president, although he continued to function adequately.
▪ He said Spanswick's wife had left him and he was suffering from a depressive illness.
▪ There is also no dispute that du Pont suffers from mental illness, as even the prosecution has acknowledged.
▪ Read in studio More than eighty staff at a supermarket have been sent home suffering from a mystery illness.
▪ Many are suffering from severe depressive illnesses, often with persecutory ideas or delusions.
treat
▪ A qualified nurse is available to treat injuries and general illnesses and to advise on general health matters.
▪ But his countrymen did not treat his illness as a joke.
▪ The legislation would require corporate health plans to treat mental illnesses the same as physical ailments.
▪ Last year 110,000 people died and 254,000 were treated for smoking related illnesses, taking up 9,473 hospital beds every day.
▪ Think about psychological counseling, too, to help separate the pain from the fear response to the pain. Treat illness.
▪ In treating acute illnesses there are only two outcomes to giving the wrong low potency remedy.
▪ The lawsuit seeks reimbursement for costs of treating people with tobacco-related illnesses.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
plead ignorance/illness/insanity etc
▪ As to his reference to rugby league, I plead ignorance and will not interfere with private griefs.
▪ Galileo pleaded ignorance of any such document and promised to produce that signed by Bellarrnine in 1616.
▪ He attempted to plead insanity, but did it so effectively that they concluded he must be sane.
▪ In Seville he had often pleaded ignorance over some of the expressions she used.
▪ The next day, she stayed home from work, something she rarely did, pleading illness.
wasting disease/illness
▪ A preacher, victim of a wasting illness, would refer in the pulpit to his forthcoming demise without shocking his congregation.
▪ Children have been born deformed and there are fears of genetic defects; many adults are suffering from wasting diseases.
▪ She will host the surprise get-together tomorrow as a thank you to the victims of a fatal muscle wasting disease.
▪ There is not much point in weighing less but looking as if you are suffering from some wasting disease.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ 80% of patients now recover completely from this illness and are able to lead perfectly normal lives.
▪ Doctors believe he may have contracted the illness while he was in Africa.
▪ mental illness
▪ Minor illnesses such as colds are usually best left to get better by themselves.
▪ Most childhood illnesses can now be easily prevented.
▪ People are often too embarrassed to admit that they have suffered from any form of mental illness.
▪ She died yesterday after a long illness.
▪ Should doctors always tell patients that they have terminal illnesses such as cancer?
▪ You are allowed time off work only in cases of serious illness or bereavement.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ About 30 percent of people with a mental illness also are drug or alcohol abusers, the audit said.
▪ Experiments involve a spurious association between the novel food and the illness which is usually induced chemically or by X-rays.
▪ He himself was thin and pale from illness, and was lying on the bed, wrapped in an old coat.
▪ His preparation to be a deacon was disturbed by a death and by mental illness.
▪ Most illnesses and infections are easier to treat if they are diagnosed early.
▪ Our hospitals would be empty if we tried to discriminate between self-induced or even partially self-induced illnesses, and naturally developed diseases.
▪ People whose disabilities begin with severe illness or injury find themselves in medical hands whether they like it or not.